A Review

Reconstruction:

America’s Unfinished Revolution 1863-1877

by

Eric Foner

Review by R.E. Prindle

Eric Foner

     Foner’s Reconstruction was originally published in 1988 some twenty years ago.  Some water has passed under the bridge since then.  For instance genetic advances have been startling.  The role of biology in the various species of Homo Sapiens is becoming more apparent and clear.  The question is now not one of prejudice but of science, of knowing.  One imagines that Mr. Foner would have or should have incorporated these discoveries into his study.  One might say that the study of history has been profoundly affected by the new findings.

     Mr. Foner takes the old sentimental view of the race, or species rather, problem in the United States.  While we may all agree that slavery is an evil that should never be tolerated in a society or be begun by one, slavery has nevertheless been ever present , even endemic, in human society for many thousands of years down to the present.  Slavery has been practiced in every society on every continent, there are no innocents.  There were slave cities in China at the beginning of WWII and there are those who say that current labor conditions in China differ not at all from slavery.  Indeed there are tens of thousands of women and children serving as sex slaves on every continent at the present.  Nothing is done about sex slavery, in fact, there is little or no publicity or protest.

      Granting then that slavery is and has been endemic to human society, there is no reason to consider White slave owners in the South of the United States as worse than any other slave owners whether we are revolted at the concept of slavery or not.  And, I might point out, not everyone is.  As slave owners in Africa, for instance, had the right of life, death and mutilation over their slaves and the US slave owners didn’t it is clear that US slave owning was much more humane than the African.  That’s not an awful lot to be proud of but, as I say, the issue of slavery in the world and in the US is not a dead letter yet.  The future looks more bleak than promising.

     While not unique, slavery in the US was characterized by one race or species being paramount and the other subordinate.  A peculuarity of US slavery is that the slaves were classed as a sort of farm animal.  I think it clear that we are dealing with two different Homo Sapiens species one of which is more highly evolved than the other.  As the African was first evolved as all agree it would follow that the first evolved, the African, would be a predecessor to following more highly evolved human species.  Thus the problem shifts from merely freeing equals to what to do with the less highly evolved species.  That has been the central problem of Reconstruction past and present.

     The reading of the human genome has proven the ongoing evolution of the human species to be true.  The scientific fact or reality runs counter to human inner wishful thinking, at least White inner wishful thinking, that desires all Men to be equal.  The majority prefer wishful thinking to reality.  Reality must assert itself over wishful thinking however.

     The myth that powerful White people went to Africa and ripped these poor defenseless Africans forcefully from their soil is also false.  The slaves were legally sold by their chiefs to the Whites.  It is erroneous to think that Whites were ever the uncontested lords of Africa.  Until the introduction of modern firearms human physical realities were paramount and the Africans were physical equals.  Europeans by no means have ever had a physical advantage.  With the development of modern arms, military tactics and discipline Europeans developed a clear advantage over the mentally limited Africans.  Still Europeans never had the will or were able to dictate to Africans in the manner that slave owners could dictate to their slaves.

     The ability to command only came into existence briefly in the last quarter or so of the nineteenth century.  African resistance movements began after this brief window opened and closed.

     Whatever conception the average person has of Euroean-African relationships is certainly erroneous.

     Now, the Africans who came out of the jungles to be taken to the United States were primitive beyond belief while all concepts of civilization as practiced in the United States were foreign to them  The transition was no different than entering a parallel universe.

     Indeed as Foner points out when the former slaves were encouraged to return to Africa, the return to the jungles after having been elevated by White civilization was no longer possible for them.  The nation of Liberia created for them was not more enticing than discrimination against them in the United States.  Those who could quickly returned from Liberia to conditions in the Reconstruction South.

     The Southern planter who bought these slaves may perhaps be forgiven because he believed that he was dealing with a superior form of farm animal but a lower form of humanity- something between a cross of ape and human.  I do not say this is true only that it was believed.  As near as I can tell this was a common belief.  Indeed, I know of no early African explorer who believed differently.

     One has only to compare National Geographic photos of Africans from the twenties with current pictures to see that contact with Western civilization has worked a mremarkable transformation in the appearance of the of the African.

     While African slavery began toward the end of the seventeenth century in the US importation was the heaviest from 1790 to 1860.  A large number of Africans entered the country as slaves, albeit illegally, between 1810 and 1860.  Thus at the beginning of the Civil War a fairly large number of Africans had had little time to become acclimated to civilization at the time of emancipation.  Thus there were a fair number of literal savages that the North attempted to elevate over Southern Whites during Reconstruction.

     Mr. Foner does not seem to take into account the impossibility of near savages and Africans who had been in slavery for actual generations becoming citizens capable of governing a heterogeneous population  in a system that was completely foreign to their experience in Africa overnight if at all.  This is to make no adverse reflections on the Africans as people.  You might just as well take a homeless person from the streets and make him President of the United States.

     The number of Africans in the South were almost equal to the Whites.  In South Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi the Africans were actually in the majority.   Thus as Southern society disintegrated and the full weight of Northern bigots was thrown behind the Africans in order to subjugate the Whites there was a real recipe for trouble.

     Nor was White society North or South all that developed in 1860 compared to that of today.  Universal education was far from a fact with compulsary schooling still in the future.  The University system was miniscule compared to the enormous industry of today.  Illiteracy in fact was quite high North or South.  Northern laborers in fact thought of themselves as wage slaves less well off even than the Southern Africans and this is too close to the truth to be lightly dismissed.  Small White children were forced to work in mines, for instance, at wages that would have shamed an ogre let alone should have shamed an ‘enlightened industrialist.’  If that wasn’t child slavery then no African was ever a slave in the US.

     So for the North to be condemnatory of the South was hypocrisy of the highest order.  It is all in how you characterize yourself compared to the other fellow.  Nevertheless there were different intellectual approaches to reality.

     Mr. Foner, who is an Israeli citizen, has little to feel superior about himself.  While Mr. Foner expresses great sympathy for the African while condemning Southern Whites, the Israeli solution to the Arab problem in Palestine makes one’s eyebrows rise, while they wish to expel recent Black African immigrants from the country so as not to pollute White Israelis.  While condemning segregation in the South one can’t help but notice that Mr. Foner’s own Israelis have built a fence between Israelis and Arabs and allow no Arabs on their side.  The Arabs are even Semites of the same human species as the Israelis and yet the Israelis call the Palestinians sub-human worthy of extermination.

     The Israelis just pound their cousins to death too.  I don’t even want to got into the detestable state of Lebanon.  I suppose my question is from whence this moral superiority of Mr. Foner and his Israelis arises.  His fellows even have terrorist camps like the ADL, AJC and SPLC that they run on American soil itself in order to control American opinion.

     US race relations have never been anything like relations between the Israelis and the Palestinians or even between them and us.  Thus while I’m sure that Mr. Foner has done quite a bit of research, at least as indicated by his footnotes, I’m not sure his vision is so unclouded as to make an accurate assessment of the facts.  One feels what’s sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander in Mr. Foner’s book and with his Israelis as well.

     I’m happy that Mr. Foner has made a lucrative home for himself here in the US with a darn good paying prestigious job in the University industry.  I don’t quarrel with his scholarship, such as it is, but I think his interpretation is a trifle suspect.

Exhuming Bob VII:  Blowin’ In The Wind

by

R.E. Prindle

     It is commonly believed that Bob’s protest catalogue of the early sixties is related to the Civil Rights Movement.  It is further believed that Bob changed his direction or emphasis beginning with Another Side.  I’m going to suggest that there is only one side of Bob and that that is continous from 1961 through 1966 after which a discontinuity did occur.

     I recently viewed a video of Bob performing with Joan Baez.  The video was undated and did not identify the performance but was of the period when Bob wore the napkin on his head.  The video is a performance of Blowin’ In The Wind at the beginning of which Bob dedicates the song to Hibbing, Minnesota.  He couldn’t or wouldn’t have done that unless the song applied.  It follows then that Blowin’ In The Wind has nothing to do with the Civil Rights Movement but to Bob himself.  I never understood at the time how people could relate the song to Negroes but they did.

     The character may have been projected on it by the expectations  of the time perhaps even taking Bob by surprise.  Then perhaps encouraged by Suze Rotolo he was able to convert his resentments against Hibbing and U. Minnesota into Civil Rights ‘anthems.’ 

     Even such songs as Masters Of War and Only A Pawn In The Game can be converted into reflections of Hibbing.  The masters of war would be enemies in Hibbing while his being arrested and sent to Red Wing would make him only a pawn in their game.

     Even James Meredith at U. Mississippi can be converted to the experience of Bobby Zimmerman attempting to morph into Bob Dylan at U. Minnesota.

     In an exchange on Lipstick Traces IX correspondent RM and I have worked out an interlocking set of songs relating to Echo Helstrom’s betrayal of Bob and the subsequent term spent at Red Wing Reformatory.  I will try to write this up soon.

     While Bob first puts his complaints in song from 1961-66 he merely shifted the emphasis from John Wesley Harding on when he added his current complaints to his repertoir.

     In any event it is now possible to interpret his catalogue from 1961-66 as one unit addressing one set of problems.  Of course William Zanzinger does pose a problem but one may be able to find his counterpart in Hibbing if one can find the necessary information.

     If Bob ever gets around to Vols. II and III of his autobiography I rather imagine he isn’t going to go into much detail on this matter.  We would rather find the answer on the pages of his autobiography than blowin’ in the wind.

Greil Marcus In The Threepenny Review

Part II

Greil Marcus At Sea

 

     When in doubt consult the internet.  It would seem that the USS Hull along with the Monaghan and Spence is a celebrated episode in Naval history.

     A history of the movements of the Hull during the war is to be found on Wikipedia.  There have been several Hulls.  The one is question is DD 350.  Fox News appears to replicate whatever Mr. Marcus saw on TV.  That site may be found at HTTP://www.patriotwatch.com/

     These sites provide us with dates to deal with.  The Hull went down on December 18, 1944.  Therefore Mr. Marcus was born on June 19, 1945 or possibly July 19.

     The Hull was active during the entire war having a very distinguished record.  On August 25, 1944 it entered Puget Sound for repairs.  Although the biography says Seattle, I suppose that means the Bremeton Naval Yards on the West side of the Sound opposite Seattle.

     Depending on whether Greil Gerstley had been with the Hull several years or only recently he obtained a much needed leave heading for the flesh pots of San Francisco.  The leave was probably a thirty day leave so he had to back in Seattle sometime in October.  He probably left the ship at the beginning of September or shortly after so he may have been in San Francisco about September 10th.  If he met and married Mr. Marcus’ mother in September that was indeed a whirlwind romance.  I don’t mean to be snide but after several years at sea Gerstley was ready for anything.  And then he may have thought it’s now or never, unlike MacArthur I may not return.

     The Hull put out to sea again on October 23, 1944 so that the newly weds had probably less than a month together so truly Mr. Marcus’ mother had little to tell him other than that his dad was a nice guy.

     And then on December 18th the Hull caught a wave and wiped out.

     Now, was any one person responsible as Mr. Marcus thinks?  I think not.  Unless Mr. Marcus has a verifiable alternate version the official version is that the whole fleet under the command of Admiral Halsey was taken by surprise by the typhoon.  Halsey didn’t maliciously order the three DDs into the typhoon to see what they were made of.  I feel certain there was no talk of a mutiny involving Gerstley or anyone else.  The storm hit, the ship sank within a day.  No possiblity for mutiny talk.  No reason for it.  Mr. Marcus’ imagination is overheated by the Caine Mutiny nonsense aboard, get this, a Minesweeper.

     In Seattle he (the former Captain) was replaced by a martinet from Annapolis, a man so vain and incompetent, so impatient with advice from experienced sailors and sure of his own right way, that…twenty men went AWOL…  in Seattle.

     The above is from Mr. Marcus’ article.  It appears that he believes that Capt. Marks (for that was his name) came directly from Annapolis to assume command.   If so, that is an impossibility.  DDs (Destroyers) had a Commander as Captain.  I served on a DE (Destroyer Escort) which required only a Lieutenant Commander as Captain.  To become a Commander one must have first passed through the grades of Ensign, Lieutenant JG, Lieutenant and Lieutenant Commander so that apart from possibly over rapid wartime promotion Captain Marks was an experienced sailor.  What his commanding syle was I can’t say but I wouldn’t take Capt. Queeg of the fictional novel The Caine Mutiny as a model for Naval officers.  If anything both of the Captains I had were over lenient.  Twenty men going AWOL, apparently wisely, to avoid entering a war zone doesn’t strike me as unusual.

     Now, when the storm struck it caught Halsey and his fleet unawares.  More damage was caused than most minor naval engagements.  Not only were the three DDs lost but another 26 ships were seriously damaged while the carriers had 145 aircraft destroyed.

     So while it is tragic for Mr. Marcus that his father was lost at sea that was only one very small part of a natural disaster no different than a hurricane leveling a midwest town.  Mr. Marcus should get over this feeling of official dereliction on Halsey’s part.  There was a war going on, the ships were involved in an invasion of Mindanao.  Good god, somebody is going to die.

     As it was the Hull came off better than the other two ships.  Only six survived the Monaghan, twenty-four the Spence, while sixty-two survived the Hull.  Whether Capt. Marks was a martinet or not he managed to save the largest proportion of his crew.  He himself says he stepped into the water from the bridge as the ship rolled over.  Sounds OK to me.

     Now, sailing Tin Cans through typhoons.  DDs and DEs were called Tin Cans hence I or any who served on them are called Tin Can Sailors.  The Hull was relatively small for a DD at 341 feet and a beam of 34 feet.  The DE I served on was only 306 feet with a comparable beam to the Hull.  The DDs I saw were all of the order of 400+ feet.

     Except for the Hull the ships were top heavy having deballasted preparatory to refueling at sea.  Refueling became impossible as the seas rose.  It is quite possible that with a normal center of gravity the ships would not have rolled.  The Hull is stated as having 70% of its fuel so it was riding lower.

     Next, Mr. Marcus blames Capt. Marks for being an inept sailor making a wrong decision in a ‘trough.’

     A this point let me say that myself and my shipmates are of the few sailors to have experienced an actual typhoon.  At the end of 1958 we were ordered to sail thorugh a typhoon two days sail above Mindanao off the coast of Japan.  As the rest of the squadron sailed around the typhoon one may conclude our orders were of the malicious sort.  If you want the whole story see Part V of my novel Our Lady Of The Blues especially Clip       on my R.E. Prindle blog here on WordPress.

     What is a trough?  A trough is the depression between waves.  A ship will have a crest fore and aft and a crest on both the port and starboard.  In our case the trough was actually a good sized valley perhaps a half mile in circumference.  As I describe in Our lady at one time we entered a trough crossing over a crest and descending head first toward the bottom.  This is a heartstopper because when the ship levels at the bottom the whole ship from stem to stern except for the superstructure is under water.  I know that’s an impossibility but it is also a fact.  Good god almighty, one doesn’t say prayers, one says:  Hello Davy Jones, good bye world.  I can get tears in my eyes just thinking about it.  Like now.  The water is always moving under the ship so troughs are not stationary.  They may lift you relative to your stem and stern or they may lift the ship broadside up the whole height of a seventy foot wave then rolling you over the crest and into the next trough.  That one give a whole noter idea on the value you place on your life.  But I and the crew sailed into Tokyo Harbor on the ship.

     The question is then was our Captain a good sailor?  Yes, I believe he was, but no matter how good he was survival was always a matter of luck.  There were times when we had no control of the ship, one factor or another could have been the end.  Perhaps a gust of wind at an inappropriate moment.

     The next question then is was Capt. Marks at least a good sailor.  The large number of survivors of the the Hull relative to the other two ships would indicate to me that he was a conscientious Captain and heads up sailor.

     Anybody who would cut their engines at any point in a typhoon should have his head examined.  You cannot maintain control without power.  Also you cannot ‘break out’ of a trough.  If the commentators suggest the trough was ‘stationary’ I suggest that the commentators have never been to sea let alone been in a typhoon.

     I think I can state that the Hull didn’t go down because of a trough.  It rolled, hence it was ascending or descending a wave.  Case closed.  You can’t ride out a typhoon without ascending or descending waves.

     It is tragic that the Hull rolled over and Gerstley was killed.  Still, the man was simply doing his duty and like a million or so others had his head up at the wrong time.  Mr. Marcus should be proud of his father.  He wasn’t one of the cowards who went AWOL.

     As far as this convention in 2006, sixty years after the event, I wouldn’t take seriously anything these eighty some year old guys said.  I couldn’t even remember my last Captain’s name the day after I left the ship.  I have recently learned from a website that his name was Dodge.  I can’t ever remember my mouth forming the name Dodge and Captain Dodge doesn’t even look like the Captain I remember.

     Crews shift and change so often one can remember only the handful of men you were in constant contact with, if those.  First Division, of which I was part, must have had six First Louies while I was aboard and I can remember the name of only the first one, Mossbarger.  I wouldn’t be able to recognize him today.

     So, I would suggest that these old duffs were just trying to make Mr. Marcus’ cute young daughter feel good.  Telling her what they thought she wanted to hear.  Perhaps what her father told her to ask.

     I’m sure Mr. Marcus’ father was as conscientious and heroic as he could be.  He was a fine man who went down with his ship.  Mr. Marcus should be content with this proud fact.  Indeed, he has no choice.  Make a virtue of necessity.

     Personally, if I knew my ship was going to be involved in a typhoon I would go AWOL too.  Surviving one once is all luck.  I might not be so lucky the second time.

      What the hell.  Greil Gerstley helped us win the war.  It was the peace we lost.

 Greil Marcus And His Problem Fathers

A Psychological Analysis

by

R.E. Prindle

 Part I

      Greil Marcus has a new article on his old theme in the Spring 2008 Threepenny Review.  The way it is written it appears to have been a talk or lecture at some unidentified place.  His obsession must be intense for while the theme is of an interesting psychological motif I don’t really understand why he thinks the theme  is of such general interest it bears repeating so often.

     If he’s looking for a psychological interpretation I am prepared to offer him one.  It must be understood that I offer an objective analysis of that which M. Marcus has publicly aired.  Whatever I say is based on what he says.  No unkindness is intended.  This version of his obsession is the fullest he has yet offered.  To read the article go to:  http://www.threepennyreview.com/samples/marcus_sp08.html

     The main facts are these:  M. Marcus’ father and mother met in 1944 during WWII.  She had just graduated from Stanford in May or June.  He, Greil Gerstley, came from Philadelphia.  He was an officer in the Navy, apparently a full lieutenant so he may have been in uniform since shortly after hostilities began.  They met in San Francisco which was crawling with Navy in 1944.  M. Marcus either doesn’t know or doesn’t tell us but it would appear that as a wartime romance they met and married within a week or two.  M. Marcus doesn’t tell us what Gerstley’s social status in Philadelphia was but it appears as though he came from an affluent background.  We are left uninformed as to the time of year they met.  I’m guessing September or October.  Shortly after marriage the couple left for Seattle where Gerstley shipped out.  He was subsequently lost at sea six months and a day before M. Marcus was born in the summer of ’45.

     Approximately three years later in 1948 his mother married Mr. Marcus whose first name, I believe is or was Gerald.  He apparently married the mother and adopted the son in one swift movement.

     Thus, and this is crucial, for the first three years of his life of which he says he has only haunting memories, M. Marcus was Greil Gerstley.  Even though he has only faint memories of the period this dual identity has left an indelible impression.

     Now we get into what C.G. Jung calls the collective unconscious.  M. Marcus is not responsible for any of his reactions.  They all emerge from the true unconscious.

     Gerald Marcus and his mother gave him siblings.  M. Marcus’ half-brother Bill looks out for him and runs an internet alert.  I have been in communication with brother Bill.  In 1955 the family moved into a fine new home in Menlo Park, California.  Menlo Park is a very affluent suburb on the San Francisco Peninsula so Gerald Marcus was a good provider.  M. Marcus seems to have no complaints about his step-father.  Indeed as Gerald adopted him on marriage it would appear that he was trying to sidestep unconscious psychological animosities by making another man’s child his own, at least in name.

     Shortly after moving into the house in Menlo Park M. Marcus was toying with the radio and heard an announcement about American GIs fathering babies on Korean mothers and then abandoning them.  M. Marcus immediately related that announcement to his biological father’s marriage to his mother and subsequent death that struck a subliminal chord related to the abandonment of the Korean children.  Now the response is not rational but unconscious and fully explicable on that level.

     At some later time M. Marcus saw David Lynch’s movie  Blue Velvet.  Certain homey scenes struck the subliminal chord of his father’s abandonment making him believe that the idyllic scenes were what he had lost with his father’s death or abandonment.  He subconsciously perceived his father’s death or non-return as abandonment.

     These are the facts for Part I.

     In analysis there seems to be a sense of loss between birth and the age of three when his mother remarried.  A blank spot in his life.  When he questioned his mother (now deceased) about his father she had nothing to tell him as she had only known the man for two months or even less.  Thus M. Marcus virtually knew this man he had never met almost as well as his mother.  Whether he has been able to accept her statement or not he doesn’t make clear but there seems to be some doubt.  Some nagging sense of the need for closure which cannot be obtained.

     Now, M. Marcus carries the genes of Greil Gerstley and not those of Gerald Marcus.  Therefore Gerald and his progeny must always have seemed foreign to him.  M. marcus may have resented Gerald’s  co-habitation with his mother.  For instance my mother divorced my father when I was three although I have plenty of memories of my first three years, remarrying seven years later.  I never thought about it then but I always resented my step-father having access to my father’s woman at the same time,  my mother.  The attitude comes from the collective unconscious and is not a conscious reaction.  There is no defense against it.  Therefore from three to ten M. Marcus probably suffered a degree of alienation from his step-father with some lingering resentment of his mother and that resentment was brought into focus in this new house when he heard of the abandoned Korean children.  Even though his step-father was providing well M. Marcus believed, thought or hoped that his real father would have provided even better.  Once again, the reaction was unconscious and could not be helped.  Still this attitude must have distanced him from his step father a little probably causing some resentment on Gerald’s part.

     When M. Marcus saw Blue Velvet with its idyllic opening scenes the subliminal message was that life would have been like that with Gerstley but that had been irrevocably lost when he ‘abandoned’ M. Marcus in the same way the Korean children were abandoned.  I’m almost surprised that he didn’t change his name back to Greil Gerstley.

     A secondary problem is with his mother.  I suspect that he has a haunting feeling that perhaps Greil Gerstley may not be his father and indeed there is a chance that this is so.

     M. Marcus makes a point of saying he was born exactly six months and a day after his father was lost at sea.  but, he refuses to give us his birth date instead saying that he was born between VE and VJ days which leaves some lattitude.  Nor does he give us the date the couple were married or the date Gerstley shipped out.  His mother destroyed any letters received from Gerstley so that resource is missing.

     Certainly apart from the wartime conditions of romance the hasty marriage might have implications.  No one can now know but I suspect the fear haunts M. Marcus.

     I know that children in his situation have real difficulties with their fathers.  I have known adopted children who went to great lengths to locate a biological parent inevitibly being disappointed.  For myself I never saw my father again but neither have I had real curiosity about him.

     Greil Gerstley is gone from M. Marcus’ life and his is stuck with the frustrating situation of being able to do nothing about it  except possibly accepting the fact that that was the hand fate dealt him.  That’s how I’ve always dealt with this early part of my life.  What can you do but play the cards you were dealt.  Wartime conditions produce wartime results.  What can anyone say or do?

     Then one day M. Marcus almost miraculously learned the details of the day his father’s ship went down.

     That in Part 2.

A Contribution To The ERB Library Project

A Review of

THE TRAITOR

by

Thomas F. Dixon Jr.

Thomas F. Dixon, Jr.

Review by R.E. Prindle

Of Thomas Dixon’s Reconstruction Trilogy- The Leopard’s Spots, The Clansman and The Traitor- only the last is found in ERB’s library. It would seem reasonably sure that he read the other two also. As The Traitor was published in 1907 it seems certain that the trilogy was read before ERB put pen to paper so that Dixon was influential on the whole of ERB’s career.

This is no small influence as the Civil War and Reconstruction are central to ERB’s works. Once again, one is amazed at how ERB could absorb so many influences and keep each nearly discrete. Further on I will postulate the possible influence of Alexandre Dumas’ French Revolution series.

Of interest to ERB’s reading habits Bill Hillman recently posted a list of books in ERBzine of ERB’s post WWII reading list that Burroughs described as a few of the books he’d read. As the list was substantial the complete list must have been enormous. The list mainly consisted of books in the areas of crime and other topics which certain minds share. As I happen to be one of those minds based on the internal evidence of the novels and shared intellectual direction I feel a fair amount of confidence in my speculations concerning his reading although I leave room for error.

I am also of the opinion now that he could have read from 500 to 750 books from, say, fifteen to thirty-five when he began writing. His consumption from 1911 to 1940 must have been enormous. Fortunately we can get a pretty good fix on the type of books he preferred from his library.

Thomas Dixon Jr. lived from 1864 to 1946. Reconstruction was in effect from 1865 to 1877 when the last occupation troops were withdrawn. Dixon grew up in Shelby, North Carolina where his father was an important figure in the first Ku Klux Klan. The Traitor is apparently based on his father’s career. It is said that because of corruption in the Klan his father was instrumental in disbanding it.

Dixon although young would then have had first hand experience with both Reconstruction and the Clan.

Dixon believed, and I second him, that Reconstruction was one of the most brutal crimes in history. It certainly ranks in the same category as the French Revolution’s criminal acts in The Vendee and Hitler and Stalin’s actions from 1925 to 1945. One should not underestimate the horrors of Reconstruction. Liberals, for their own reasons, have attempted to excise the period from US history while sanitizing what little is taught. One is certain than an inquiring mind like Burroughs sought out the true and whole story.

Liberals have blackened Dixon’s name as they have that of Dixon’s fellow Southerner, D.W. Griffith, who produced the Dixon trilogy as the most amazing movie of its time- The Birth Of A Nation. In 1915.

While both Griffith and Dixon have been defamed as racists in today’s multi-cultural society they must no longer be seen as racists merely as representatives of an anti-Liberal segment of White culture.

Dixon was one of the most popular American writers of the period to at least until the aftermath of the Russian Revolution when he and writers like him, including Burroughs, came under attack from the Communists. With the exception of Burroughs all have been defamed into oblivion today.

As we know Burroughs’ father, George T., served in the Union Army during the Civil War. His father’s more admirable attributes seem to have gone into the character of John Carter, the hero of the first three Martian stories. He seems to have been combined with a Confederate Officer of Virginia stock as well as a character of the nature of Count Caliogstro of the pre-French Revolution period.

Here the problem of Alexandre Dumas and his Revolutionary romances enters. John Carter’s tomb in Connecticut is probably based on Graham’s tomb in The Traitor. The similarity is striking. Carter’s longevity may be based in part on Dumas’ description of the charlatanry of Cagliostro who claimed to be as old as the Great Historical Bum while rationalizing his ability to survive much as the thousand year old Martians did.

The Great Alexandre Dumas

The Martians were in fact deathless as was Cagliostro’s claim unless they were killed by some sort of physical accident. Dumas’ Caliogstro describes his situation in these exact terms. The novels in Dumas’ roman a fleuve are the Memoirs Of A Physician, Joseph Balsamo, The Queen’s Necklace, Ange Pitou, The Countess Of Charny, The Chevalier Of The Maison Rouge and The Blue And The White. I can recommend them highly. We know that Burroughs read The Three Musketeers and probably The Count Of Monte Cristo. He may have read one, two or more of the Revolution series also.

There is an interesting passage in the Physician in which an ignorant country boy teaches himself to write both printed and cursive letters after a very rudimentary instruction in reading. The passage bears comparison to Tarzan’s teaching himself to read and write. The point being that Burrough’s imagination was probably fired by this series.

Now, we know that Burroughs was always opposed to the Revolution. Dumas would have introduced him to conspiracy theory. I would guess that ERB read Dumas before 1900 but that is just a guess. Also bear in mind what we consider ‘classical’ literature was current in Burroughs’ youth. All these books would have been new and therefore doubly exiting. As David Adams noted to me concerning Baum’s Oz series the books would have been equivalent to a new Beatles record in the sixties when people rushed to stores at the earliest possible moment to get their copy. Knowing this stuff would have made one a very hep cat.

We also know that prior to 1911 Burroughs associated with several knowing people among which were Sweetser and Dr. Stace. These buys are always into conspiracy theory as, indeed, am I . As I have said as Burroughs and I share the same reading tastes I think it less than pure speculation that Burroughs also knew something about the Revolutionary conspiracy. Difficult to tell what.

It doesn’t appear that ERB was ever a Freemason. The Revolution was attributed to the Masons. The lodges then would have been thought Communist then by their opponents. Communist and Illuminated. The Illuminati are, of course, central to any conspiracy theory.

In theory and certainly in fact the lodges were instrumental in the overthrow of the French monarchy. I have even read that Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans were involved with the Rosicrucians, hence the Freemasons and hence the Masonic revolution against thrones. While I don’t find the idea improbable I haven’t got enough evidence to speculate one way or the other. I find it interesting though to see that John Adams was thought to be Illuminated. It is certain that Revolutionary cadres in the form of Libertines were active in England during the seventeenth century and were certainly instrumental in the destruction of London’s Newgate Prison some few years before the destruction of the Bastille.

It is also certain that Adam Weishaupt’s Illuminati infiltrated the French Freemasons some few years before 1789 and that the Jacobins arose from them. It is also clear that the Illuminatti infiltrated American Freemasons at least by 1799. There are those who believe with good evidence that Thomas Jefferson was Illuminated. Indeed, the Communists of the twenties called Jefferson one of their own. It seemed ridiculous until one looks a little further. Whether Lincoln was one of the Communists’ own along with Jefferson as they claim seems preposterous on the surface of it.

However an illuminated Mason by the name of Morgan was about to publish a book exposing the Masonic plot in 1843 when he was abducted and murdered. A symbol of the Illuminatti was the Phrygian Cap. The Union enlisted cap is nothing less than the Phrygian Cap with the front knob truncated and replaced by a flat board. So, shall we say that the Illuminatti took a prominent but disguised role in the Civil War.

If this Jacobin-Illuminatti attitude was in the Northern attitude then it must have been represented in the Abolitionist attitude. Their hatred always directed against authority was the directed against the Southern Whites and in favor of the Negroes. And in fact it was attempted to make Whites slaves to the Negroes. Just as in France the hatred was directed against not only Aristocracy but against peasants or anyone who resisted the Jacobin or Liberal will. In the Vendee of France which remained loyalist genocide was carried out on the Vendeans. I have no doubt out and out genocide would have been committed against Southerners if it had been possible. In that respect perhaps Sherman’s antecedents should be examined to determine unrecognized motives for the march from Atlanta to the sea.

There is no question that a great many of the post-Civil War immigrants were Communists or socialists and that they refused to accept a non-socialist America. Many if not most of the 48ers who fled Europe after the failure of the Revolution of 1848 were socialist while there is no reason to suppose that a large number of those were Jacobins or Illuminated.

Burroughs first contact with these people was as a child or teenager when he saw them parading through Chicago under the Red banner. It seems very unlikely that he wouldn’t have picked up a lot of anti-Socialist information. At any rate his hatred of German and things German began at that time developing into a near mania during the Great War and a firmest attitude by WWII.

I can’t guarantee that he read Dumas’ Revolutionary novels but there are enough seeming contact points in the novels to indicate that he may have. Thus John Carter’s longevity may be based on Dumas’ portrayal of Cagliostro. This input Burroughs combined then combined with his readings of The Virginian and the positive aspects of his father to create John Carter. It is probably significant that Carter was the main character in only the first three Martian novels before ERB’s father died. When George T. died John Carter ceased being the dominant character being replaced by his son Carthoris in the next novel, Thuvia, Maid Of Mars. Burroughs may not have been able to divide his own alter-ego between Carthoris and Tarzan as the former disappears being replaced by a number of different personae.

However ERB understood the Civil War and Reconstruction the two events were a significant part of his mental makeup.

Pioneering Filmmaker, D.W. Griffith

The three Dixon novels were formative before he began to wirte while the Dixon scripted The Birth Of A Nation filmed by D.W. Griffith and released in 1915 had a terrific impact on Burroughs as well as the Nation.

The movie would have revived all his emotions on the two topics. I have read the novels of the subsequent years with this thought in mind but echoes may be there.

Over the following decades Liberals have succeeded in characterizing Birth Of A Nation as ‘racist’ which it is not. The story may be culturally centered on the White side of the story rather than the Black but this fact doesn’t make the movie any more racist than if it had been culturally centered on the Black aspect. The issue of race simply cannot be avoided.

The movie misunderstands the breach between the two White viewpoints of the North and the South. While the movie is plea for Whites to never do this again and to reunite as one people, the bigots of the North wished only for the destruction of Southern Whites. As the Jewish historian Eric Foner writes, Reconstruction is the unfinished Revolution that is still going on today and will culminate in the election of Barry Dunham-Obama and its sequel.

Eric Foner

Eric Foner is part of the Foner dynasty of Communist historians. His uncle Phil Foner wrote distorted labor chronicles while his Pappy Jack was dismissed from his academic position in the ‘50s as a Communist.

The movie was the most successful of its time providing the funds for the MGM empire. Louis B. Mayer who was a theatre operator at the time made enough from the movie to go to Hollywood and establish the Mayer studios which Loews later combined into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer when they crushed William Fox of Fox Studios which then was combined with Twentieth Century to become Twentieth-Century Fox.

The movie certainly was not considered racist at the time except by the Jacobin faction who were not as influential then as they have become today. The Democratic president of the time, Woodrow Wilson, thought it a superb movie.

Interestingly both Wilson (1856-1924) and Dixon were together at Johns Hopkins University with Dixon being a champion of Wilson. D.W. Griffith, from the South as was Wilson, was Burroughs nearly exact contemporary. Griffith was born in Louisville, Kentucky also in 1875 dying in 1948 two years before Burroughs. Griffith was another who was marginalized by the Communists.

Thus the essential Edgar Rice Burroughs was taking its final form in the years from 1900-1911. I would like to organize those years as part of his early married years. This is not easy. As we are aware when he and Emma returned to Chicago from Idaho and Salt Lake City in 1904 ERB was suffering from the excruciating headaches that lasted half a day incurred from his beating in Toronto.

His sojourn in Salt Lake must also be included as part of his education as with his innate anthropological curiosity he would have investigated the absurdities of that religion. Once again he was much closer to the origins of the religion as it had only about sixty years of history to deal with rather than one hundred and sixty.

Even on the train trip back to Chicago ERB would have traveled through an entirely different landscape along approximately the Mormon Trail than today. The geographic changes have been enormous. The earlier geography would have influenced Mormon memories and stories that he would have heard. As an example of a feature that has been completely destroyed is a description from a book titled: The Mormon Trail: Voyage Of Discovery, The Story Behind The Scenery by Stanley B. and Violet Kimball. Page 35:

Weary teamsters and tired oxen struggled onward despite the difficult, rocky terrain. Many journals commented on the hordes of grasshoppers that had helped deplete the area of grass. Still, the optimism remained high in camp for they knew the Sweetwater River was just around the bend. The ground here proved to be miry, “smelled bad”, was swampy and many oxen got “buried in the mud.” Mosquitoes and “Gad flies” were numerous, and both oxen and humans were plagued for miles. The water along this route was so bad that even the cattle refused to drink. Most of the time they had to use sage for firewood here because buffalo chips were scarce and so was wood.Among the several landmarks along this part of the Trail were the Avenue Of Rocks and The Devil’s Backbone. Today the quarter-mile-long Avenue Of Rocks is gone, a victim of road widening.

That’s how little Americans care for their environment. Possibly the Avenue of Rocks was used by Fennimore Cooper as a locale in his novel The Prairie that Burroughs was certain to have read.

The Mormons would have made the trip a scant thirty or so years before so Burroughs would have been regaled with stories by those who had made the trip, probably before Buffalo Bill cleared the prairie of buffalo. Certainly before the tremendous network of reservoirs that now cover the area.

Having returned to Chicago Burroughs had to get down to some serious living; something he wasn’t good at. One would imagine that his father with a long history in business in Chicago could have gotten him a decent job to start but for some reason of which we are not informed he seemed to be in disrepute. ERB literally started at the bottom taking jobs for which there were few applicants.

Burroughs ran through an odd assortment of jobs over the next seven or nine years. After all it was only seven years from 1904 to 1911. Short enough in the telling but the equivalent of several lifetimes in the living. I won’t do a recital of the jobs as I’ve done it before while everyone is familiar with the story.

Intellectually these were stimulating times for Burroughs. L. Frank Baum’s Oz books began at the turn of the century, Baum trying to end the series in 1910. The Oz stories had a great influence on ERB. Jack London began publishing whose hobo experiences probably rekindled Burroughs interest in that life find expression in the trilogy of novel involving Billy Byrne that began in 1913 shortly after ERB began writing.

Owen Wister published The Virginian that would be so influential on Burroughs’ writing going into the character of John Carter. The Graustark novels of George Barr McCutcheon also began appearing the memory of which ERB would cherish to his dying day.

And of course ERB had his relationship with Dr. Stace. Now, Porges gives us very little information on this period in ERB’s life. However John Dos Passos in his USA trilogy includes a character who closely resembles Burroughs. This is in the third volume, The Big Money. Dos Passos was a vicious little man. At the time he was an open Red. Somewhat later in life he supposedly became a ‘conservative.’ As Reds go becoming ‘conservative’ in my opinion merely means getting old. I don’t see how anyone who has based their life on Communist principles can ever embrace opposite principles but many people can, or at least, they allow themselves to think they can.

It would be absurd to think that there would be no stories circulating about one of the most successful writers in the world. Dos Passos was actually from Chicago although absent most of his life, still he undoubtedly picked up some stories on Burroughs who would have been thought of, at the very least, as a colorful character. Thus writing in the thirties Dos Passos may very well have picked up stories from people like Frank Martin himself. Can’t be sure at this time of course…but if you look…

John Dos Passos

Dos Passos carefully describes the type of businessman ERB was. There apparently was a type of scrabbler who while not being able to afford an office of their own would rent space for a desk in someone else’s office so they could have an address. Sort of like the mail box addresses existing today. As an independent businessman Burroughs was of this type. In this capacity Dos Passos has his character turn up with a patent medicine type who go through Michigan trying to sell their wares. Dos Passos details of the foray are unimportant and probably highly imaginative but definitely derogatory. But then his whole corpus is of a mocking nature.

The point is Porges describes about this time, 1907 or so, that Burroughs sent Emma a note from South Bend, Indiana lauding the town saying that he would be back home soon. Porges doesn’t say what he was doing in South Bend. We are left to guess.

I would imagine it was something along the lines that Dos Passos describes. Or perhaps this was about the time the Feds cracked down on the Patent Medicine business and Burroughs and Stace may have found it convenient to absent themselves from the Windy City. I haven’t been able to find a reference to such a trip in the corpus as yet.

More to follow.

Exhuming Bob VI

Ramblin’ Jack Elliott And Bob Dylan

by

R.E. Prindle

 

     I had the privilege the other night of viewing The Ballad Of Ramblin’ Jack Elliott which was filmed by Jack’s daughter.  A little on the lengthy, repetitive side, could have used a judicious edit or two, but a very

Ramblin' Jack In Cowboy Persona

Ramblin

creditable and enjoyable effort.  She is to be commended.

     The movie helped to put into perspective Bob in his relation to both the New York folk scene and Elliott himself.  Both Jewish their careers have had great similarities from childhood to the present.  Currently they are running parallel with the money going into Bob’s pocket.

     Both have aspired to be cowboy or Western singers and both have succeeded.  Elliott in his Ramblin’ Jack role and Bob in his Texas Bob Dylan persona.  Both have tried to efface their Jewish heritage actually modeling their faces along cowboy lines.  In the movie the transition from the Jewish face of Jack’s youth to his current cowboy face is readily apparent.

     Elliot was born Adnopoz and Dylan was born Zimmerman.

     There appears to be some real hard feelings towards Bob by Ramblin’ Jack.  The cause is not far to seek.

     Elliott was himself a disciple of Woody Guthrie as is Dylan.  The difference is that Elliott had a ten year start on Dylan.  Thus while Dylan was still in high school Ramblin’ Jack was over there in London town recording those records on Topic that would show up in Minneapolis in 1960.  At that time the succession of Guthrie-Elliott-Dylan began, at least in Bob’s mind.  If anybody else didn’t know what difference did that make?  Already making a model of Guthrie Bob added Elliott and stole copies of the Topic records from a fellow named John Pankake and Bob was off to the races or at least New York City.  By one of those strange coincidences, genuine in this case, Bob arrived in the Big Apple from the West at the same time that Elliott’s ship from London town docked New York City from the East.  East met West so to speak.  Now Bob not only had Elliott’s records to practice from but the living model himself.  Ramblin’ Jack was living the exact life that Bob wanted to lead so Bob moved right in on him to learn everything he could.

     When Jack left America’s sunny shores he was a nobody.  He arrived in England just as the great Lonnie Donegan was introducing the Skiffle craze.  Jack snapped right in there like the interchangeable part of an automobile.  They liked him.  They liked everything about him.  Made him so comfortable he invited his friend Darrel Adams to come over and sing with him.  Darrel did.   They made one of those Topic records together that Bob stole from Pankake.

Caricature Of Bob

Caricature Of Bob

     Well, to make a long story shorter those recordings found their way from London town to New York City making Jack a celebrity in the burgeoning New York folk scene.  Jack was a hero.  Bob got close to him.  In one scene Bob is on stage telling Darrel Adams in the audience that he has a record of Darrel and Jack’s.  Thus no further proof is needed that Bob stole Pankake’s records and wouldn’t give them back.

     Over the course of a few months Bob studied Jack’s act and by the end of those months he was a Ramblin’ Jack Elliott in a Bob Dillon disguise.  I never realized how completely Bob became Jack until I saw the movie.

     At the time Jack didn’t think much of Bob’s stealing his act but over time he seems to have developed hard feelings towards Bob.  He was real resentful in the movie.  Did an interesting but bitter version of Don’t Think Twice It’s Alright.  Were you listening Bob?

     The fact of the matter is both Bob and Jack knew where they were going and they were going to different places by the same route.  Bob wanted to be a star and Jack wanted to ramble.  So while this single persona in two forms was a star ramblin’ round the world the other side was an irresponsible troubador ramblin; his serendipitous way round the highways and byways of Americky.

     They both got what they wanted so there’s no reason for Jack to be bitter about the boy he called his ‘son.’  The only one with the right to be bitter is John Pankake who lost those great Topic records.  But nowadays who’s ever heard of John Pankake?

Something Of Value

Book II

Part 4

Edgar Rice Burroughs, Evolution And Religion

by

R.E. Prindle

ERB And The World 1875-1950

Edgar Rice Burroughs

     Edgar Rice Burroughs entered a world he never made on September 1, 1875.  He would have some hand in editing the making of the next century or so.  He seemed a less than likely candidate for such a chore.  He was dealt a tough hand to play by life.  It took him some thirty-five years to learn how to play his hand but once he learned there was no stopping him.  He wasn’t perfect, probably had what we call an abrasive personality, and he didn’t always do the right thing but, then, who does?  He worked hard and he walked his dog with an ample leash.  But in this essay we’re not particularly concerned with ERB the personality but ERB the force.

     ERB’s world was made for him.  It was his job to navigate his way through it.  I have already prepared a view of the world and its history in terms of religion and evolution extrapolated from the writing of Burroughs.  It may be of use to give a bit of the local history that had such a profound effect on his development.

     ERB was born in Chicago.  The Chicago that he was born into was one of the seven wonders of the modern world.  There had been nothing like it seen before, not New York City, not Paris, not London, not even ancient Athens or Rome.  The Iron Chancellor of Germany, Bismark, lamented the fact that he would never get to see ‘that Chicago.’  It is hard to imagine the role Chicago played today.  Chicago was unique, both wonderful and terrible. It may be difficult to visualize but for the Chicago of Burroughs’ youth, to the East was civilization and directly to West was Indian Territory.  The Indian Fighters came direct from the battlefield to the metropolis of Chicago.  I mean, Buffalo Bill had Sitting Bull as one of his performers.  Blows my mind.

     As if to prove its uniqueness Chicago staged the 1893 Columbian Exposition or World’s Fair, the fabled White City.  The White City may be compared to OZ while workaday Chicago was known as the Black City.  You gotta work at visualizing this stuff.   The White City was as audacious as Chicago itself.  It only took fifty years to raise this strange, bizarre and wonderful city out of the muck alongside Lake Michigan and it only took a year to build what was really a spectacular purpose built city of some magnitude.  Even more  mindboggling it s purpose existed for only six months then it was discarded like so much waste paper.  Incendiaries burned this amazing effort to the ground the next year.  Nothing was left of this prodigious effort.  It is truly a crazy world.

     Bill Hillman of ERBzine made a valiant effort to present the wonder of this spectacle especially as it affected the young Edgar Rice Burroughs.  It was a valiant attempt and a worthy one opening my eyes to this wonder in ways they had never been opened before, however as good as Hillman’s effort was it couldn’t come close to the grandeur of the spectacle.

     To have visited this incredible fair for few days, a week, or even two was to have seen nothing.  Edgar Rice Burroughs, then 17, had the great good fotune to have spent the whole summer at the fair.  It was the experience of his life.  The world was on display.  Authentic Dahomean villages with real tribesmen brought  from the jungles for the purpose, authentic Irish villages- of course, there were enough authentic Irish around Chicago to staff those so they didn’t have to be brought over- Arab camps, evolution, religions of the world, scientific wonders, everything imaginable and in real authentic detail with real everything and it was cutting edge.  This was not any Disneyland fake.  It was like traveling around the world.  A diorama of realities.  It blasted through ERB’s existence like a tornado across the Kansas plains.  That was how the author of the Oz series, L. Frank Baum, who was in attendance saw it.  It was a regular tornado that transported him to another world- we’re not in Kansas anymore, Toto.

     As Editor Hillman pointed out in his series of articles, the White City was a phenomenon of firsts.  Bill didn’t get them all though.  One he missed was that Frederick Jackson Turner, always be suspicious of three name writers, first presented his thesis ‘The Influence Of The Frontier In American History’ at the fair.  The disappearance of the frontier was as important an event in world history as any.  With the arrival of HSII and III on the Pacific shores all sub-species were in direct contact with each other around the world.  The stage for ev0lutionary Armageddon was constructed.

     In its own way 1893 was as important as 9/11/01.  A world change began to take place.  The previous four hundred years of HSII & III domination began to wane.  As usual the avant guard of writers and artists had a glimmer of understanding; the rest kept walking right along as though they hadn’t passed through the glimmer into this new parallel world.

     The writers perceived things differently.  Among the writers were H.G. Wells, Sax Rohmer, Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edgar Allan Poe and of course Edgar Rice Burroughs.  As it is with artists they began writing in terms of the new reality, perhaps without being conscious that they had abandoned the old.  By the mid-teens and early twenties non-fiction accounts had begun to appear.  Most famous were those of Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard.  Stoddard’s The Rising Tide Of Color pinpointed the issue but after some initial success he was denounced as a bigot and throughly discredited.  It wasn’t like he didn’t know what he was talking about but his message was offensive to certain pressure groups.

     In its own way so were the writings of the great mythographers.  With the exception of Wells they were all political conservatives.  Well’s success came as a mythographer before he declared himself a Red/Liberal in 1920.  From that point, which occurred just as the Great War ended, his novels fell flat although his Outline Of History was a great success.

     Every effort has been made to discredit the mythographers, but their creations have maintained a stunning popularity despite Red/Liberal efforts to destroy them.  Lately the Reds have turned to detournement.  In Well’s case, as a member of the prevailing orthodoxy he has, of course, been idolized and eulogized, but they can’t get anybody to buy anything but his science fiction.

     Perhaps because he tackled the different themes of religion and evolution in an independent manner great effort has been made to discredit Burroughs.  Frontal attacks have failed to this point although perhaps ridicule and detournement will be more effective.  The Disney Corporation may be successful in trivializing the Big Bwana unless we counter with a more effective campaign.

     Many thinkers were presenting scientific bases for the analysis of social and historical trends.  Two of the most prescient were Darwin and Freud of whom I have gone to some effort in integrate into my analysis.  These men presented scientific methods, where were real methods, objective bases not based on the inner world of wishful thinking.  I can understand how Red/Liberals wish to cast their web of wishful thinking over the mind of mankind but I don’t understand the unwillingness of people to see through this fantastic projection.  The reality principle has to take effect sometime.

     Yet these mythographic prophets of reality have been scorned or willfully miscontrued.  If one looks at Burroughs’ work carefully he is functioning as a prophet based on scientific principles that were plausible in his day.  Nothing he or any of the mythographers said has been disproved by further scientific advances.

     Before going into this further let us take a close look at Burroughs’ magnum opus Tarzan Of The Apes.  What he had read in evolution to this time except for Darwin isn’t certain.  In 1933’s Tarzan And The Lion Man he implies he has read Lamarck, Darwin, Mendel and August Weismann.  Lamarck was of the eighteenth century who believed in inherited characteristics.  Darwin published his Origin Of Species in 1859, Mendel wrote his genetic study in 1866 which was rejected by Darwin who eclipsed Mendel until, as the result of Weismann’s studies, he was rediscovered in 1900.  Weismann wrote during the eighties and nineties advancing the theory of germ and soma cells.  It is possible that Burroughs could have been familiar with all four by the time he wrote Tarzan Of The Apes.  Lamarck and Darwin are readily evident.  Burroughs favored the notion of Lamarckian inherited characteristics, which is justly out of favor today.  Thus as an allegory of the ascent of man Tarzan relies heavily on Tarzan’s heritage to explain his sense of his separation from the apes among which he grew up as a feral child.

      In Burroughs’ story Tarzan comes from the finest hereditary stock of noble Englishmen.  Thus according to Burroughs he inherits a number of moral and mental faculties rather than acquiring them.  There is no mistake that Burroughs considered the English to be the crown of creation.  As a one year infant Tarzan’s parents die while he is adopted by Kala the ape.  Burroughs’ apes are not known to any science perhaps representing the ‘missing link’ which used to be a hot topic.

     The idea of an unknown species of ape falling somewhere between known apes and human beings is not as unreasonable as it may sound.  It was only in 1902 that the existence of the Mountain Ape was confirmed.  The Mountain Apes of the Mountains of the Moon had been rumored for some time before the first specimen was killed and the skin brought back. These are amazing anthropoids.  So, within the context of the times the notion of such apes was not all that far fetched.

     Many wonders were thought to be hidden in Africa.  Even as late as 1920 The New York Herald ran an article seriously considering the notion that dinosaurs still existed in the Congo.  While at this day we may read Burroughs with a very large grain of salt much of what he writes about was discussable as possible fact at the time.

     As Burroughs’ apes are evolutionarily above the monkeys and gorillas they may be seen as the last stage of evolution before the First Born appeared.  Burroughs makes a big point that Tarzan passes through the full evolutionary program on his way to realizing his noble English heritage as a fully evolved human being.

     This theme is also reviewed in his The Land That Time Forgot.

     One of the most difficult feats of Tarzan to accept is the manner in which he taught himself to read and write English without knowing a single phonetic value.  However his ability to do so can be explained in a reasonable manner.

     While reading through John Chadwick’s work The Decipherment of Linear B, Linear B is, of course, the written language of the ancient Myceneans and Minoans, which was a terrific problem until Michael Ventris succeeded in breaking the code, I came across this passage:

     Cryptology has now contributed a new weapon to the sudent of unknown scripts.  It is now generally known that any code can in theory be broken, provided sufficient examples of coded texts are available.  The only method by which to achieve complete security is to ensure continuous change in the coding system or to make the code so complicated that the amount of material necessary to break it can never be obtained.  The detailed procedures are irrelevant, but the basic principle is the analysis and indexing of coded texts, so that the underlying patterns and regularities can be discovered.  If a number of instances can be collected , it may appear that a certain group of signs in the coded text has a particular function, it may, for example, serve as a conjunction.  A knowledge of the circumstances in which a message was sent may lead to other identifications, and from these tenuous gains further progress becomes possible, until the meaning of most of the coded words is known.  The application to unknown languages is obvious; such methods enable the decipherer to determine the meaning of sign-groups without knowing how to pronounce the signs.  Indeed it is possible to imagine (my italics) a case where texts  in an unknown language might be understood without finding the phonetic value of a single sign.

     The task before Tarzan was formidable but he had all the time in the world without any distractions.  I do not mean to say that it would be possible for a feral boy to develop this amazing intellectual ability since the feral children found are quite incapable of learning.  But, in Burroughs’ mind Lamarckian notions of inherited characteristics was foremost so that he believed as did most of his contemporaries and a signficant percentage of the population today that these characteristics were operative.

    As one reads one comes across some remarkable things.  Having just read Alexandre Dumas’ Memoirs Of A Physician I came across a tale somewhat reminiscent of Tarzan’s story.  In fact the similarities of some of the details between Dumas’ book and Burroughs’ are quite amazing although I do not suggest that Burroughs ever read this Dumas novel.

     In this scene a young man named Gilbert has met the philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau in the woods where Rousseau is collecting botanic specimens.  Gilbert does not know who he is talking to.

     ‘You can read and write.’  (Rousseau asked.)

     ‘My mother had time before she died to teach me to read.  My poor mother, seeing that I was not strong, always said, ‘He will never make a good workman; he must be a priest or a learned man.’  When I showed any distaste for my lessons, she would say, ‘Learn to read, gilbert, and you will not have to cut wood, drive a team, or break stones.’  So I commenced to learn but unfortunately I could scarcely read when she died.’

     ‘And who taught you to write?’

     ‘I taught myself.’

     ‘You taught yourself?’

     ‘Yes, with a stick which I pointed, and with some sand which I made fine by putting it through a sieve.  For two years I wrote the letters which are used in printing, copying them from a book.  I did not know that there were any others than these, and I could soon imitate them very well.  But one day, about three years ago, when Mademoiselle Andree had gone to a convent, the steward handed me a letter from her for her father, and then I saw that there existed other characters.  M. De Taverny having broken the seal, threw the cover away; I picked it up very carefully, and when the postman came again, I made him read me what was on it.  It was, ‘To the Baron de Taverney-Maison-Rouge, at his chateau near Pierrefitte.’  Under each of these letters I put its corresponding printed letter, and found that I had nearly all the alphabet.  Then I imitated the writing; and in a week had copied the address ten thousand times perhaps, and had taught myself to write.

      This is surely no less fantastic than Burroughs’ story but because Dumas is considered more credible nothing that I know of has ever been said about it.

     In Tarzan’s case Burroughs makes a point of saying that he had a number of children’s picture books so that he could, for instance match the printed spelling of B-O-Y with a picture of a boy.  In this way also he learned that he was not a freaky hairless ape but an entirely different species.  I cannot, of course, defend the plausibility of either Burroughs’ or Dumas’ story but there is a possibility.

     In some ways the notion of inherited characteristics seems as though it could be true.  In the course of evolution the thrust has always been towards more intelligence.  A species once evolved has its range of capabilities and once those are fully developed no further advance is possible in that sub-species.  It is up to the next stage of evolved sub-species or species even to advance to the limits of its capabilities and so on.  Thus it was not possible for Tarzan’s fellow ape, Terkoz, under any circumstances to succeed in Tarzan’s quest.  The necessary intelligence genes were missing.  Even though Tarzan was raised by apes less evolved than himself he himself did have the necessary inherited genetic makeup to undertake the task with some chance of success.  So, in that sense Lamarck’s inherited characteristics did apply.

     It may be argued that Tarzan couldn’t have recognized the signs as language.  In theory he could have.  Whether in fact he would have or whether it would have taken him much longer to break the code than eight years are of course valid realistic objections.  But Burroughs was writing the story so that against all objections there are methods by which it was theoretically possible for Tarzan to do so.

     This is no small point for the story as the story is, as I see it, an allegory of the ascent of man toward godhood.  Burroughs will repeatedly call Tarzan a jungle god.

     He is introduced to the next evolutionary stage when his ape mother is killed by one of the First born.  Drawn into contact with the FB Tarzan passes through this stage in evolution.  I don’t think there can be any doubt that Burroughs considered the First Born an antecedent level of evoltuion to HSII and III.  While some might inanely cry bigotry, mocern science, which was unavailable to Burroughs, has at least proven the plausibility of the position.

     Tarzan then comes into contact with a cross section of HSIIs and IIIs.  To my mind the differences are presented as innate and not a matter of environment or nurture.  Just as Tarzan must realize his noble English heritage because it is his innate nature so these ruffians are ruffians because of their innate nature.  Burroughs seems to be saying that you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.

     While withing a particular sub-species I am an environmentalist believing that people beocme what they are for reasons beyond their contro, the majority of mankind, at least those place in favorable circumstances, believe that they are innately better than the rest.  So if Burrughs was srong on this point, as I believe he was, he was in step with the prevailing prejudice.

     Thus under the tutelage of Paul D’Arnot, his French mentor, Tarzan realizes his full potential as a human being uniting the two ‘highest’ branches of what was then known as the White race.  Tarzan can read and write English but not speak it while he can speak French but neither read nor write it.  There’s something going in Burroughs’ mind but I haven’t decided what.  But he tosses off these details in such an offhand manner that all seems so natural there is no reason to note it.

     It must also be remembered that Burroughs wrote at the transition point where for the first time in US history there were more people living in cities than in the country.  The new city dwellers had just reason to long for the rural ‘paradise’ they had just left.  Thus Tarzan having seen all there is to see of civilization snubs his nose at it to return to his beloved jungles and its animals and primitive but honest First Born.

     In a sense then the jungle and the First Born can be interpreted as the farm and the crude but honest farmer.  An idealization to be sure.

     As far as I can see Burroughs was the first novelist, or at least successful one, to treat of evolution by which I don’t mean to say Lost World adventures.  Further he treats with it as established incontrovertible fact at a time when evolution was accpted by few while being rejected by the vast majority.  And I repeat, Burroughs was learned and thoughtful about the subject.  That he was also fanciful is beside the point.

     At the same time Burroughs was offering some serious reflection on evolution he was also presenting some serious thinking on the evolution of religion which is certainly on a par with Freud’s Totem and Taboo.

     Burroughs says and this is seemingly in his hown historical voice that the Dum Dum as practiced by the apes was the source of all social and civil rituals.  As I read Tarzan Of The Apes it seems that Burroughs thinks that Dum-Dums or something just like them really took place.  Of course such round or circle dances are in fact of great antiquity.  Perhaps something just like a Dum Dum did perform a role in the evolution of institutions.

     Following that explanation for the foundation of religious and civil institutions Burroughs goes into a very careful explanation of how Tarzan became the god, Manungo-Keewati of Chief Mbonga’s tribe.  This explanation is very carefully developed.  Burroughs is also very serious and I think believes he has a handle on the truth about the evolution of god.

     As part one of a trilogy on religion Tarzan Of The Apes is followed by The Gods Of Mars and then the Return Of Tarzan.  Gods Of Mars is a condemnation of formal religion with far reaching ramifications.  In Gods Burroughs plays the role of a savior through his character, J.C.- John Carter.  Carter destroys the ancient and flase religion which clearly resembles the Catholic Church, thus being the liberator of Barsoomkind.

     In The Return Of Tarzan he gives a fanciful but reasonable vision of ancient sun worship which would fall somewhere between Munumgo-Keewati and the Holy Therns of Barsoom.

     Thus under the guise of ‘pure’ entertainment the attentive reader can detect a serious attempt to explain evoltuion both special and religious while undermining established beliefs in the manner of a prophet.  It is not necessary to accept it only recognize it.

     I’m sure Burroughs in the light of all the unsetlling discoveries beleives he is a light bringer doing a service for mankind.  I accept him at his own valuation.

     Running through all Burroughs work is an unstated vision of psychology.  One may well ask where this vision came from as Burroughs was not fortunate enough to attend Yale which is two eldest prothers did and which he keenly regretted not having done.  I’m sure the man was reasonably well read in the subject while his views appear to follow rather closely those of his brothers’ partner in the Idaho ranch, Lew Sweetser.

     A very fine article on Sweetser by Philip R. Burger appears in issue #19 of the Burroughs Bulletin, since republished on ERBzine.  Now, Sweetser graduated from Yale in 1889 a little before Freud began his psychological publication and twenty years or more before his books were translated into English.  I doubt that Sweetser ever read Freud, but I can’t say.

     He was fully conversant with a concept of the unconscious and exceptionally well informed on the rule of suggestion and hypnosis.  Whether over the intervening eyars from 1889 to 1920 when he took to the stage as a lecturer he read extensively or whether re reworded his ideas acquired by 1889 I can’t say.  But he had a good grip on the concepts of the subconscious and suggestion including auto-suggestion.

     Burroughs came into contact with him as a 16 year old when he worked on the Idaho ranch in 1891.  Again in 1898-99 and once again in 1903.  Burroughs own views on psychology follows those of Sweetser very closely with add ons from further study.

     If not as systematic Burrughs presents a consistent approach which is as viable as Freud’s but different in the treatment of the subconscious.  Both Sweetser and Burroughs always speak of the subconscious, never the unconscious, while Freud chose to believe in a metaphysical unconscious.

     What I  hope I have shown here is that Burroughs had a fairly mature understanding of life and society when he began to write and which he continued to develop throughout his life.

     While hos own life was lived somewhat erratically his intellectual mooring was much more sound.  It is the latter which is telling for us.

     The importance of his intellect being developed by the time he began writing is that the period of the teens of the twentieth century is when subsequent history took shape.  Just as Burroughs collected the strands of neo-mythographers to give them their new direction so the teens did also for the evolution of the species and religion in both the United States and the world.

     While Burroughs and the other mythogrpahers realized very early that the tide of history had changed it was only by 1916 to 1922 that the concept found expression in an academic manner.

     In 1916 Madison Grant published his The Passing Of The Great Race and in 1922 Lothrop Stoddard published his The Rising Tide Of Color Agains White World Supremacy.  and here comes the division in society that can never be reconnected.  Both Grant and Stoddard are quite serious historians; both are men of good will, both have been seriously defamed by others who object to the resulsts of their investigations.

     These objectors seem to think that their opinion is of divine origin and that any other opinion is not only wrong but evil.  They take a stand not much different fromt he Inquisition and its witch hunting which I have already discussed.  Thus these people want to run dissenters to ground and if not actually kill them at least hurt them so bad or brand them as pariahs that they will shut up.

     A recent example is Richard Slotkin’s Gunslinger Nation.  The book is an attempt to squash writers such as Grant, Stoddard and Burroughs.  The first 225 pages of his mammoth book are dedicated to demonstrating that Edgar Rice Burroughs was a vile ‘racist’ who was influenced by the even more vile ‘racists’ Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard.

     While you can throw away the last five hundred pages of Gunslinger Nation which is inadequately researched and poorly presented, the first 225 pages are fairly interesting if skewed.  A lot of good information of possible influences on Burroughs.  Slotkin’s fine biographical sketch of Buffalo Bill is very informative.

     Slotkin lists a number of Burroughs’ books which he has apparently didainfully skimmed but without any understanding.  If he had read more carefully he ought to have realized that Burroughs’ ideas were fully developed before Grant and Stoddard were issued.  While many of the ideas of the latter writers may have been complementary to Burroughs’ ideas they couldn’t have been formative.

     Further with the customary tunnel vision of the Red/Liberal Slotkin ignores what was happening against which these men were reacting.  Of course he and his contemporaries give this data such a skew as to lack all credibility.

     Like all Liberals Slotkin believes that immigration is a prescriptive right for anyone who wants ‘to share what we’ve made here.’  While not wanting to get involved in immigration quarrels, which are fruitless, I do believe that as I have a right to say who can and cannot enter my home, any country has a aright to say who can and cannot immigrate to their country.  It doesn’t matter whether there’s a good reason or not nor does it matter if rejection is based on the grossest prejudice.  No one has a right to invite himself to your table.  You see why there is no chance of agreement.  So much for immigration.

     Now in Darwinian terms the various sub-species were not only in contact with each other, they were peacefully intermingling in the West and in the West only.  It is important to remember that HSII and III were about to be driven out of Africa and Asia.  The invasive flow was now beginning in the opposite direction only.  While the HSIIs and IIIs had been able to displace the American aborigenes without trouble this was no longer possible anywhere in the world.  The tide against the HSIIs & IIIs had turned.  While the IIs & IIIs  would slowly be expelled from Asia and Africa, Africans and Asians while already in Europe and America would begin to increase their numbers dramatically.

     Today a city of Toronto is 50% what Torontians call ‘visible minorities.’

     Thus while IIs & IIIs began a retreat the other sub-species began an advance into II and III territories while becoming highly organized.  The Eastern European Semites began to arrive in the United States in numbers beginning in the 1870s.  Always politically aggressive, the German Semites formed the B’nai B’rith in 1843.  the American Jewish Committee in 1906 and the horribly bigoted Anti-Defamation League in 1913, the year Woodrow Wilson entered the White House.

     The Great War beginning in 1914 closed off European immigration to the United States but increased the internal migration of the First Born.  It’s an ill wind that blows no one good.  The First Born began to organize on an international basis.  African, Brazilian, Caribbean and American First Born began to act as a unit.  This organization was led by West Indians who emigrated to the United States to agitate.  Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican, personated this most important stage of evolution which has led to the present situation.  At roughly the same time, under the guidance of Semitic Jews, the NAACP- Natinal Association For The Advancement Of Colored People- was formed.

     In reaction to these very aggressive developments the post-Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan was called into existence.  On top of all these unpleasant developments the Bolshevik Revolution succeeded in Russia in 1917.  Thus a whole new paradigm was formed within just a few years in the teens.  Against this Burroughs’ mindset had been formed by the years from 1890-1910.  the new developments sure appeared to him as a bad motorcycle with the devil in the seat.

     The world which emerged from the Great War was much different from that which preceded it.  the balance of world emigration changed, as it were, overnight.  A good harbinger of things to come was The Rising Tide Of Color Against The White World Supremacy by Lothrop Stoddard.  Stoddard’s title was very ill chosen although it represented the emerging reality.  He might better have chosen a more neutral title such as ‘Changing Patterns in World Migration’ or some such.  The book is unfairly characterized as ‘racist’ by its detractors, which it is not.

     Stoddard pointed out the obvious:  that from having been the dominant sub-species the tide had now turned and rather than being a dominant military presence the HSIIs and IIIs had become a minority in a world of sub-species seeking like Darwin’s ratos or cockroaches to drive the others before it.  From having been invaders, Europe and America would now be invaded.

     This is the way of the world:  ;either you’re on the top or you’re on the bottom.  A world of equality is a world away.

     Stoddard was the proverbial voice calling in the wilderness.  The only people taking him seriously were the peoples he was warning about.  Confident in teir seeming superiority the HSIIs and IIIs went about their business as if nothing had changed.

     Not exactly as if nothing had changed because the Bolsheviks continued special and religious battles.  Just as Catholicism was infused with Semitic ideals, through Karl Marx, Bolshevism was a Semito-Red/Liberal religion.

     Of the five sub-species by far the smallest was the Semitic branch; they were and are therefore the most threatened.  In order to hope to exercise world dominion, and don’t think world dominion isn’t the question, the Judaic and Moslem religions were created.  The Jews had the daring to go it alone while the Moslems sought and seek to convert the world to Moslemism within which the Semites are the preeminent holy people.  A nation of priests as the Bible says.

     Thus while it might be possible for the largest sub-species as represented by the Chinese to overrun the world much more effectively than the HSiis and IIIs did, it would be equally possible for the Moslems to convert the Chinese with the Semites taking a position analagous to ERB’s Holy Therns in Barsoom.

     Thus while stymied for the time being in the West Moslems were increasing by leaps and bounds in the East.  They may have looked stagnant from the West but they were dynamic indeed when viewed from the East.

     Having been disturbed in their homeland the Chinese and Japanese Mongolids began sending colonies out wherever they could be received and by this time all space on the earth was fully occupied.  This wasn’t therefore the loud noisy colonization of the HSIIs & IIIs  but a more peaceful infiltration.  A lot of smuggling of small groups into the United States and Canada went on, as it still does.  Large colonies were sent to South America.  Peru passed a Chinese Exclusion Act for much the same reason the United States did.  Didn’t really have anything to do with color, it was that the countries were being taken over by foreign elements.  Japan had colonies in Brazil, Colombia and other South American States.These colonies were designed to retain their ethnic origins so that they wouldn’t assimilate.  I’ve met Japanese from Japan via Colombia who were smuggled across the border from Tijuana.

     Thus on the world scene Darwinian clash of sub-species continued  outside Asia while the Mongolids were successfully expelling the HSII and III invaders from Asian homelands.  This is essentially what the much despised Lothrop Stoddard, Harvard graduate, too, was pointing out.

     In the United States the immigrating sub-species had to disarm the dominant Anglo-Saxon hierarchy.  As pointed out, led by the West Indian immigrant First Born that sub-species was organizing its own conquest of America and Europe.  Their own population was increasing prodigiously around the world.  Even in the face of tremendous immigration into the United States the percentage of First Born has never declined but has increased.  Today in the fact of even greater immigration FB percentages have increased to fifteen percent vis-a-vis HS II and III.

     Under the so-called Gentlemen’s Agreement between the US under TR and Japan the Japanese ‘voluntarily agreed’ to restrict the flow of immigrants.  The US, a sovereign nation, accepted this ‘compromise.’  The early Japanese immigrants had been nearly one hundred percent male.  These womanless men now demanded women so the other half of the invasion in the form of picture brides arrived swelling the Japanese population past double.  The so-called Issei are the first generation born in America.  As their parents paired up at the same time the whole next generation came of age about the time of 12/7/42.  An interesting immigration fact.  Thus by taking advantage of HSII and III goodwill the immigration agreement was evaded.

     So the flow of populations contesting the same territories with the same Darwinian economic needs came into further conflict.

     The Jewish race of the Semites had been poised to transfer their entire East European population tothe United States just as the Great War broke out.  Now with the war over the Semites renewed their plans.  However there had been problems with immigrants from the Central Powers including their Irish allies during the war which sent shivers down the spines of the Anglo-Saxons.  TR himself voiced the fear that the United States had become merely ‘an international boarding house.’  So people do catch on after it’s too late.

     After a hundred years of unrestricted immigration, a golden period worldwide actually well worth study, the opponents of immigration carried the day severely restricting immigration if not closing the door completely.

     This action enraged the Judaic race of Semites who considered it their go-given right to go where they wanted when then wanted and whether a country wished to receive them or not.  But there is more than way to skin a cat.  The Anti-Defamation League whose ostensible purpose was to prevent defamation wherever it might occur began a defamation campaign against anyone with an independent point of view that conflicted with their own in any way.

     The ADL was lined up with the Communist?Red/Liberal Coalition.  The combinatin effectively split and weadened the HSIIs and IIIs putting the subspecies at war with themselves, something like Cadmus throwing a stone among the indigenous peoples setting them against each other until they killed each other off making the Semitic conquest of Boeotia easy.  Divide and conquer.

     Led by the ADL whith its ever potent charge of anti-Semitism the Liberal coalition opened war on any dissidents.  The idea was to discredit anyone whether they were concerned or merely passive who didn’t follow their program.  Prime targets were Madison Grant, Lothrop Stoddard and Edgar Rice Burroughs.  ERB made himself conspicuous when in reaction to the Bolshevik revolution he sent around a draft of the Moon Maid which in the original version was apparently little more than an expose codemning the Bolsheviks.

     Stoddard and Grant who were competent scholars and men of good will were nevertheless characterized as hopeless bigots and anti-Semites thereby being easily disposed of.  By the end of the decade they were neutralized and by the end of the thirties disposed of.  Quite naturally the Liberal coalition denied any involvement.

     As the thirties dawned there were major activities affot.  In Asia, Japan which deeply resented HSII & III penetration, began a campaign to drive them out.  Talk about the tail wagging ghe dog, their plan was to conquer Asia from Japan to Australia in the South, and India in the East.  It staggers the imagination.  Yet it was no less than England had done with the same population. But, different measures for different times.

     When TR said ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick’ the audacity of the Japanese plan which required a very big stick was beyond their powers of execution.  Nevertheless they first invaded Manchuria and then China itself.

     In Europe, in reaction to defeat and the Judeo-Communist threat the Nazis under Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 which did not bode well for the world.  In the United States also a disaster as big as Hitler and Nazis occurred when Franklin Roosevelt was elected President.  That did not bode well for the United States.  The world was then primed for the big explosion.

     Perhaps because of the concept of Manifest Destiny under which the Red/Liberal tide was supposed to roll over the North American continent, jump the Pacific then race across China and Asia to return again to America in an unbroken wave of triumph the Red/Liberals looked upon the Chinese as a swell people who would offer no resistance to their goals, indeed, embrace and forward them.  Thus in some sort of Disney fantasy China was seen as complicit in the Liberal design.

     FDR was one devious son-of-a-gun.  As the good guys were being attacked by the Japanese bad boys Roosevelt took it upon himself to aid the Chinese with American wherewithall.  It would have been better to let the two combatants exhaust themselves and keep our ‘limitless’ resources to ourselves.

     Remember that the Japanese hatred of the West was caused when the United States forced them out of their seclusion at gunpoing thereby emasculating them.

     Now Roosevelt was trying to thwart their ends by disgorging America’s wealth on China.  If you free your mind from false moral assumptions you wll see how stupid this was.

     As an American I can do nothing but deplore Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor but as a psychologist and analyst I can see nothing but its inevitability as the result of the US’s inconsiderate actions.

     The Japanese simply had to try to put a stop to American aid to China.  Whatever the proof may be that FDR knew of Pearl Harbor before hand, if he didn’t know he was provoking such an attack he was denser than any man has a right to be which I don’t think he was.

     In Europe the situation was intensified when the Communists elected sympathizers to most government who then formed a Popular Front against the Axis powers of Germany, Italy and Spain.  The Roosevelt administration was a Popular Front government.  On the religious front it was competition between Communism and established faiths.

     To all appearances the Judeo-Communists had the Axis surrounded.  Even before Hitler was elected the Jews of the United States were working hard to subvert him.  Assassination attempts had already taken place.  When FDR was elected, as with all Popular Front governments the Jews urged the United States to take first strike action against Germany.

     As part of this program in the United States the Judeo-Communists demanded an Un-American Activities Committee by which unamerican meant non-Judeo Communist.  In 1938 they succeeded when the House Un-American Activities Committee was created.  To their disappointment the chairmanship escaped them going to a member who corrected believed that Communists were a bigger threat than Nazis.  This infuriated Roosevelt.

     When was was declared in Europe the American Judeo-Communists were for intervention.  They changed their tune after the German-Soviet pact then changed back again after the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

     As can be plainly seen what is at stake here are sub-special interests rather than national ones.  On 12/7/41 the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor.  All the sub-species were at war.

     The War fatally weakened the HSIIs and IIIs much as the percipient Lothrop Stoddard had predicted.  In the aftermath of the War HSIIs and IIIs were expelled from Asia.  Although preifly garrisoned with American troops there was no other action taken against Japan other than that they were set on their economic feet.

     In 1948 the HSIIs and IIIs were driven from India.

     In 1948 the Judeo-Semites occupied Palestine.

     In 1948 the Chinese Communists were clearly going to be victors in China thusputting the Chinese squarely at odds with the West.

     While for a few years the United States was in the enviable position of arbitrating world affairs, it chose to favor the non HSII and III subspecies over the ‘colored’ peoples thus further weakening HSIIs and IIIs.

     When Edgar Rice Burroughs died in 1950 there had been little happening in his literary and business affairs for a decade.  The only thing keeping the Burroughs literary legacy alive was his continuing popularity with the masses.  You and me.  But they could find few editions of any of the corpus to buy.

     From 1945 to 1963 there was little of his literary oeuvre that was available although demand continued strong.  For some strange reason ERB, Inc. refused to issue titles.  Then in 1963 publishers seized on expired copyrights and the second boom in Tarzan began.  Once more his message contained something of value for his readers.  Let us now begin Book III of Something Of Value which cover the period from 1945 to 9/11/01 and the closing of the old dispensation and the beginning of the new.

The Age Of Aquarius was dawning.

Book II

Something Of  Value

Part 3

Edgar Rice Burroughs, Evolution And Religion

by

R.E. Prindle

Part 3

Bad Motorcycle With The Devil In The Seat

Don’t go out tonight,

They’re sure to take your life,

There’s a bad moon on the rise.

-John Fogerty

 

     (a.) The Evolution Of Religion 0-1875

     Prior to, say, -800 the approximate date of Homer’s Iliad, religion was comprosed of all three facets of learning:  Religion, Philosophy and Science.  The reason for the Priesthood was intact.  Then beginning with Homer in the Greek world, who was reverenced with good reason, learning became gradually secularized as the Pre-Socratics developed Philosophy and Science independently of the Priesthood.  In the West this was the real deathblow to religion; in the Semitic East no such development took place.   The Semites are incapable of either Philosophy or Science.

      About this time also, Astronomy as a science developed, which doomed Astrology to insignificance although its traditions linger on as the world prepares for the Age of Aquarius.  It will really happen too.  Don’t ask me how, but it will, it is happening.  If you want to read an excellent analysis of aspects of the Age of Pisces check out C.G. Jung.  The amazing thing is that there is little to indicate a system for perpetuating this design of ancient times, no evidence of a secret society forwarding Astrological designs.  The ancients having set the plan in motion apparently knew it would be self-perpetuating as individuals like myself, and I have no interest in Astrology per se would penetrate the workings of the design moving it forward whether advertently  or inadvertently.  But you have to look at it to see it.  My interest was aroused when I detected a constant presence.  I myself have no prejudices, I don’t dismiss phenomena out of hand.  The Tarot has its significance also.   You don’t have to believe it, you study its historical development.

     Astrology was still a very active force as the Age of Pisces dawned.  The Semitic Jewish reaction was based on the dawning of a new Age, the Piscean.  When this mistaken adventure ended in 135 AD, when it became clear that the New Age meant little in concrete terms, although defeated militarily and dispersed from Palestine the Jews still had that old ace in the hole.  Religion.

     There was still the spiritual world.  While the Rabbis censured Jesus of Nazareth as an imposter a cult of Jewish followers developed after the death of Jesus.  The Jews in those days or just previous to the Jewish Wars had been active proselytizers.  Large Jewish communities existed in all the cities of the Roman Empire including Rome itself.  For various reasons these facts have been downplayed.  Any serious historical study of the role of the Jews in the Roman Empire is severely discountenanced, at least in American Universities.

     As orthodoxy required circumcision and following the ridiculous Jewish dietary laws, I mean, what makes wine kosher or not is whether it has been touched by non-Jewish hands somewhere in the winemaking process, the limits of conversion may have been reached.  A lot of folks might think such a condition mere bigotry but I decline to comment.  Paul realized this, thus he wisely discarded circumcision and the dietary laws in his version of Christianity.  This at least made it possible to convert the Gentile although without bigotry Christianity could never have succeeded in being more than a prevalent religion.  Persuasion can only go so far.  A religion can’t get anywhere without bigotry.

     After Constantine made Christianity the official religion, empowered, the Catholic Church went to work to suppress all other forms of thought, religious, philosophical or scientific.  The academy of Plato was shut down while the library at Alexandria was burned to the ground.

     Thus the Semito-Roman Catholic Church solidified its position as the official representative of Christ on Earth.

     Now, after Jesus was crucified the remaining disciples and adherents were run to earth where possible and killed.  It became expedient to flee into hiding.  From this dispersal has arisen the tradition of the Holy Grail.  This fabulous literary repository has come down to us attached to the exploits of King Arthur.  Known to most through the collation of Mallory, the original documents run to tens of thousands of pages.  The Vulgate-Lancelot alone is close to ten thousand 350-400 word pages.

     The legends which begin with the crucifixion represent a secret history of Europe.  There is much interesting investigation being forwarded on the topic currently by Laurence Gardner and his series of books, he can be accessed at his Mediaquest site on the web, and Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln in two interesting books: Holy Blood, Holy Grail and The Messianic Legacy.  There are others but these two series are most direct.  There’s a lot more actually but much of it is very speculative.  Worth looking into though by the right minds.

     According to these writers Mary Magdalen fled Palestine for Marseilles in southern France where she bore a son of Jesus.  This son became the progenitor of the Merovingian line of kings of France.  These in turn presented a challenge to the authority of the Semito-Roman Catholic Church.  Thus the Church encouraged the usurpation of the throne by the line that would be known as Carolingian which when the Church succeeded in crowning Charlemagne the Holy Roman Emperor it gained the right to invest the royal houses of Europe.  The Merovingians were thus dispossessed.

     With the right to make or break kings in a quasi-theological empire the success of the Church was more of less assured although in a still very difficult political situation.  Still, all Europe West of what became Russia was brought within its sway, hence the recent Polish pope.

     Not content with leaving well enough alone the Church in the eleventh and twelfth centuries encouraged the recovery of Palestine from the Moslems.  Contact in the East introduced two heresies which were to have a decisive and devisive impact on subsequent history down to the present day.

     The Europeans chose to invade Palestine during the heyday of the chief of the assassin cult, Hassan i Sabbah.  Thus while having only a limited military success, still a Christian presence was maintained for over two hundred years which is about as long as the United States had been in existence, the crusaders were infected with a heresy.  At the same time the Cathar heresy was introduced into Europe from the East.  The Cathars also known as the Albigensians, and the Knights Templar presented the Semito-Catholic Church with a soul destroying problem.  This is where the Church met its Waterloo although it would be difficult to understand what else they could have done.

     Westerners don’t seem to understand that if you’re going to interfere in other people’s lives you have to go all the way or suffer the consequences.  The assassins of Hassan i Sabbah introduced a very potent brand of heresy into Europe in vengeance for the invasion of Palestine.  Both examples have proven very pernicious and ought to have been suppressed.

     The watchword of the Cathars is given expression in the Rabelasian phrase:  Do What Thou Wilt.  I haven’t read Nietsche but he gave a different formulation in ‘Nothing is true, everything is permitted.’

     Thus the Moslems through the Assassins were able to corrupt the morality of the West.  Thus Cathars prospered across Southern France where the aurthority of the Semito-Catholic Church was challenged.  If the Cathar heresy, really an error, grew the Church would find itself displaced.

     The rule of the Church is that the Church cannot shed blood, which is why heretics were burnt, but they could get others to do it for them.  Establishing the Inquisition to smell out heretics the Church called on the French crown to crusade against the Albigensians.  What do you do with people who will believe differently than you do?  As Victor Hugo said, you have to kill them so that a new world may arise.  As Lenin and Stalin believed,  you have to exterminate the recalcitrants.  As Hitler said, there is the final solution.  Well, that’s what they did to the Albigensians.  The soldiers asked how they were to determine whether one was or wasn’t a Cathar, they were told to kill them all, God would know his own.

     The devastation if not total was a very serious attempt.

     Here you have one of those insuperable problems, what are you going to do?  If you do nothing you lose, if you let God sort out his own, you lose.  The Cathars would have been enough trouble but then the Church was faced with the Templar heresy.  Same solution, same results.

     The only consolation the Semito-Catholics had was that at about this same time the troops of Genghis Khan swept over the Middle East rooting the Assassins out of their ‘impregnable’ mountain fastness.

     The result of the Church’s action and that of their royal accomplices was a seething hatred of both by the survivors who after all, believed nothing was true and everything was permitted.  Dangerous people with dangerous ideas.  Several subversive organizations arose, the Free Spirits, Beghards and Beguines who eventually came together as the Libertines in pre-Revolutionary France.

     The Church demonized the survivors, according to Laurence Gardner as witches, hence the witch hunts.  I’m not sure it is true but it does make sense, provides a rational motive for the persecutions.  With the inquisition in place Europe was made a hell on Earth.  Nevertheless learning wiggled out from under the suppression of the Church to flower forth as the Enlightenment.  Thus after the Cathars and Templars Science presented a challenge to the Church which has been the knock out blow.  Both the Semito-Catholic Church and the Semitic Jews were presented with a very difficult problem which no amount of persecution could resolve.

     The Church has stubbornly clung to its authority giving up only a minimum to reason.  The Inquisition itself was only discontinued in mid-nineteenth century.  The Jews, on the other hand, were thrown into complete disarray by the Enlightenment at least in the West.  The great bloc of Judaism in the Pale of Eastern Europe responded much more slowly but then very large numbers of that group emigrated to the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries where the religion faced even more serious challenges.

     The Western Jews ran through a whole series of experimental forms before, under the influence of the Eastern Jews, the compromise of Zionism was evolved.

     Along the way Marx, Einstein and Freud evolved political, physical and psychological pseudo-scientific ideas which had the effect of confusing the West.

      Aiding the emergence of Science and the freeing  of speculative religion from the suppression of the Church was the French Revolution of 1789.  The Revolution was as epochal an event in the Piscean Age as the crucifixion of Christ.  The Revolutionists restarted their calendar at year one which was probably symbolically correct.

     It is probably signficant that Jean Baptiste de Monet, the Chevalier de Lamarck, was appointed professor of invertebrate zoology at the Paris Museum of Natural History in the critical year of 1793.  As an evolutionist Lamarck preceded Charles Darwin.  In his Tarzan And The Lion Man  Burroughs mentions Lamarck along with Gregor Mendel and Darwin as well as the proposer of the germ theory of evolution, August Weismann, who Burroughs did not mention by name.  While Burroughs played with evolution in many fantastic ways his playfulness was informed by a thorough grounding in the learning of his day.

     One has to be very alert and attentive to see just how playful he is.

     In  Tarzan The Terrible the primitive species, mistakenly called races in most discussions, had tails.  When Tarzan wishes to disguise himself he affixes a severed tail to his posterior.  Now, there was a legend of a tailed people in the Congo Basin.  The legend was based on the fact that this tribe affixed animal tails on their posteriors much as Tarzan does.  Thus Burroughs combines evoltuionary speculation with historical legend and fact in a humorous episode.  It’s possible he may have been waiting a hudred years anyone to get that joke.  He picked up his information from H.M. Stanley’s In Darkest Africa.

     The Revolution itself was not as spontaneous as it is often depicted nor is the wanton destruction the result of a frustrated peasantry.  The Revolution was planned and coordinated by the descendants of those very Albigensians and Templars Church and Crown had crushed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.  The Albigenian and Templar heresies and error were thus released on the world in a more concentrated form than previously.  The disorder in society today is caused by the followers of those errors.

     Burroughs was born a short 70 some odd years after the failure of the Revolution.  Sixteen years after Darwin released his Origin Of Species on the world.  In between incredible advances were made.  Champollion broke the hieroglyphic alphabet of Egypt opening the ancient world to us.  The ancient civilizations of the Middle East were unearthed.  Surely all those ruins Burroughs speaks of were influenced by those discoveries.  Babylonians, Sumerians, Hittites, Cretans and other discoveries such as Schliemann’s unearthing of Troy and Mycenae.  The Church was delivered one blow after another as the authority of its Holy Scriptures crumbled into falsehood.

     At the same time a plethora of suppressed religious speculation burst the bonds of repression.  Esotericists stumbled all over themselves to formulate doctrines.  The Spiritualist movement sprang up fully formed like Athene from the forehead of Zeus.  The greatest of the great, Madame Helena P. Blavatsky, ransacked the religious speculative literature of the ages to reassemble it into a spectacular tour de force she called Theosophy.  Just as religion, Philosophy and Science had diverged c. -800 she now tried to reunite them under one head.  She couldn’t do it but her work is a magnificent effort none the less.

     If you’ve got the time and patience The Book Of Urantia is an equally stunning tour de force.  Great science fiction if nothing else.

     Thus Edgar Rice Burroughs was born into this incredible religious, intellectual and scientific ferment.  Learning had become so vast that no one mind could grasp all the details, but like Madame B, it were better to fail gloriously than never to make the attempt.  Underneath all the foolery and fantasy of his fiction ERB went at with a will.

(b.)  Relations Of The Sub-species 0-1875.

     At the risk of being repetitious it might be appropriate here to quote Darwin again to keep the thought fresh in our minds:

     Quote:

     As the species of the same genus usually have, but by no means invariably, much similarity in habits and constitution, and always in structure, the struggle will generally be more severe between them, if they come into competition with each other, than between species of distant genera.

     Unquote.

     So, when the Semites erupted from the desert the modern phase of competition between the Homo-Sapiens sub-species began.  The populations had now expanded so that there was not room for all.  One sub-species must drive out all the others.  Thus the outer reality, or world of appearances, will and must triumph over the inner world of wishful thinking.  So the world turns.

     Darwin again:

     Quote:

     We see this in the recent extension over parts of the United States of one species of swallow having caused the decrease of another species.  The recent increase of the missal-thrush in Scotland has caused the decrease of the song-thrush.  How frequently we hear of species of rat taking the place of another species under the most different climates.  In Russia the small Asiatic cockroach has everywhere driven before it its great congenor.  In Australia the imported hive bee is rapidly exterminating the small, stingless native bee.  One species of charlock has been known to supplant another species, and so in other cases.  We can dimly see why the competition should be most severe between allied forms, which fill nearly the same place in the economy of nature, but probably in no one case could we precisely say why one species had been victorious over another in the great battle of life.’

     Unquote.

     Let us never forget that there is a great battle for life while with Homo Sapiens we can precisely say why one species will be victorious.  I cannot show the victory but I can show, for my purposes here, how the struggle progressed to 1875.  The next section following will take us to 1950, the next after that to 9/11 and than a fictional effort will end with a possible scenario of the end of civilization as we know it.

     The method followed by Homo Sapiens is easily learned, you just have to condition yourself to accept the facts, the outer reality rather than the inner world of wishful thinking.  In encounters before this period the method was simple.  A band of invaders conquered the indigenous folk, slew all the males, kept the females for themselves.  In an evolutionary sense this is the natural method.

     Amongst, lions for instance, a male is only allowed to enjoy his Pride for a limited time.  Then a couple males gang up on him, driving him away.  One of the new males then acquires the lionesses killing the former lion’s offspring at the same time.  The complacent females then go into heat producing a new group of offspring for the new male.  Simple.  Why the simp lion helps his fellow for no reward is beyond me but it works the same way among Homo Sapiens.

     So when the Saxons drove the Britons out of England into Brittany where the Britons conquered the natives, the Britons not only massacred the males but they cut the tongues out of the women so that the language wouldn’t be corrupted.  Very offensive to our professed standards but completely within the range of normality.  I mean, you know, get real.  This sort of thing can and will happen again.  Nazi Germany wasn’t any aberration.  The Jews of today are calling for the extermination of one billion White people.  This is a fact.  Google Noel Ignatiev and see for yourself.  Your problem will be that you just won’t take him seriously although the evidence is clearly before your eyes.

     In this great struggle of life all sub-species of Homo Sapiens are more or less physically equal.  Mental genetics have given HSII and III the edge in scientific intelligence.  Along with the intelligence comes the ability to see farther and clearer so that lacking tunnel vision the will is blunted.  Rather than following the ancient methods and disposing of indigenous peoples, which they could easily have done at the time, the HSIIs and IIIs created a legacy of ill will through their misguided benignity which at the end of this period began to come back to haunt them.

     From the period of Mohammed the sub-species began to be moved around in earnest.

     A legacy of the Semitic Moslem triumph was that the West was cut off from all intercourse with the East.  The Moslems blocked all the formerly active trade routes.  The legacy remains today when otherwise well educated historians know nothing of Africa and many points of the Near East.

     Having conquered the Mediterranean littoral of North Africa the Semites began the penetration of sub-Saharan Africa.  Superior in both intellignece and will to the First Born the Semites treated them as though they were mere animals, intelligent Apes.  If the African slave trade hadn’t existed before, it began then.  It was brutal.

     Many Africans converted to Moslemism because it gained them immunity from being enslaved.  They in turn captured non-Moslem Africans to sell to the Arabic Semites.  This Moslem African slave trade began c. +700 and continues to the present day although the Semites will deny it.

     North of Arabia the Moslems captured part of the Byzantine Asian lands while occupying Persia, central Asia and parts of India plus a fair penetration into China.  Today if one includes Pakistan, Bangladesh and India as a unit the Indian subcontinent is predominantly Moslem.

     In the West the Moslems were slowly driven from Spain which was accomplished just as the Ottoman Turks who had invaded the Middle East from Central Asia destroyed the last vestiges of the Roman or Byzantine Empire.

     The Ottomans then began the conquest of the Balkans moving into the Ukraine, Romania and Hungary to the very Gates of Vienna before the combined forces of Austria, Poland and Russia drove them back to the present borders just as Edgar Rice Burroughs was being born.  An incredibly long struggle that was just a pause in hostilities.  After that defeat the Ottomans were known as ‘the sick man of Europe.’

     During this entire period from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the fifteenth century Europe was in turmoil as society reformed from a congeries of Germanic tribes into a semblance of the modern nation states.

     In 1492 a Genoese sailor named Christopher Columbus changed the direction of European society.  Cut off from the East by the Moslems who took advantage of straddling the trade routes to charge exorbitant prices for Easter luxuries, Portugal led European exploration of the world circumnavigating Africa finding an ocean route to the Orient thereby bypassing the Arabs eclipsing their prosperity sending them into complete stagnation.  Maybe this is what Bernard Lewis means by ‘something went wrong.’

     Columbus found the islands of the Caribbean Sea occupied by the Caribs.  Here we can see clearly Darwin’s dilemma resolved.  Between the introduction of virulent diseases to which the Caribs were unacclimated and brutal treatment the Europeans like the Asian cockroack drove their predecessors before them.  What had been a Carib lake became a European lake and would soon become an African lake.

     The islands were perfect for the labor intensive sugar industry but the Europeans didn’t want to do the intensive labor themselves.  They in turn went to the great slave capitol of the world which the Semites had not yet exhausted to bring large numbers of the First Born out of Africa.  Like all ruling classes the HSIIs and IIIs having displaced the native Caribs, were now displaced by the First Born who at present have possession of the Caribbean Islands.

     So now if Darwin were alive he could see how it works.  Caribs>HSIIs & IIIs>First Born.  Simple.

     The Spaniards also overran Mexico, Central America and South America.  Here their numbers were few in comparison with the indigenes who were apparently of a hardier stock than the Caribs.  The Spaniards were able to maintain their dominance over the indigenes of the area.  Even today the President of Mexico is of obvious European descent while the peons are Indios.

     Following Columbus’ lead the English and French invaded further North in lands that became the United States and Canada.

     Once again here we can plainly see how one species of Homo Sapiens displaces another just as one species of swallow did to its great congenor.

     The new invaders from Europe displaced the native Homo Sapiens along the seaboard then as their population steadily increased they rolled the aboriginals back before their advance.  There was no attempt at extermination although there was callous disregard for life in the human sense.  In the evolutionary sense there was no consideration of aboriginal rights.

     At the same time the First Born were removed from Africa to serve as laborers in the English colonies of North America.  The First Born would never have left Africa had they not been removed by the Semites and HSII and III.  The First Born secured no presence in the Middle East with whatever implications that holds, but from Brazil through the Caribbean to the United States First Born territories were extended greatly.

     The orginal HSIII population which originally controlled Central Asia was either driven from the area by invading Mongolid tribes or exhausted their numbers migrating West.  As numerous HSIII populations have existed in the Caucasus and in other pockets of central Asia the latter is unlikely.  The HSIIs were undoubtedly driven before the Mongolids in the Darwinian sense.  the Mongolids first made their appearance in the West with the fifth century Huns.  They swept all before them until defeated in what amounts to a last ditch stand by the French.  From the Huns forward Central Asia belonged to the Mongolids.

     Then in the thirteenth century on the heels of the Western Crusades Genghis Khan organized the Central Asians to conquer both the Chinese Mongolids in the East as well as sweeping West to overrun Russia and Eastern Europe to the North before retiring back into the Steppes from which they exercised hegemony over Russia for hundreds of years.

     To the South the Mongolids rolled over the Moslems before being defeated in Mesopotamia then, again, retiring back into the Steppes.

     The russians eventually threw the Mongolid yoke off, then by running gunboats on the Volga they were able to prevent the Mongolid hordes from crossing.  Thus Central Asia was brought under control.

     The French and English quickly followed the Portuguese into the East.  By then the Spanish had already seized the Philippines.  European religious interference caused the Japanese to close their borders to both ingress and egress.  From the early seventeenth century to nearly the birth of ERB Japan was isolated taking no part in world history.

     With either superior luck or organization the English branch of HSII and III was able to be the most influenctial branch in the East.  All of India was brought under their control, both Hindus and Moslems.  Southeast Asia acknowledged at least the hegemony of England.  The Dutch seized Indonesia while the French annexed Indo-China.

     England, France and Germany were in the process of annexing China itself when they were interfered with by the United States.  As usual the United States with so-called good intentions produced the opposite result.  John Hay of the United States announced his Open Door Policy in regard to China forcing the European branches to back down from their concept of spheres of interest.  America has been a very destructive force in world politics.

     In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, lacking sufficient colonists of their own, England began moving Indians and Chinese from their homelands into their colonies.  Thus these peoples who up to that point had been quite content to remain where they were realized the advantages of colonization themselves.  Before too long they would in their turn be colonizing Europe and the Americas.

     Although Chinese and Japanese migrations will fall mainly in the period after ERB’s birth, well before mid-nineteenth century the Chinese had begun a substantial migration to the West Coasts of the Americas.  In 1849, the time of the California gold rush, they represented a very substantial percentage of the West Coast population.  It was because of the Chinese that Dennis Kearney announced that California was White Man’s Country.

     Fearful of being overrun by the Chinese, which was a very well founded fear, Kearney led the effort for a congressional law excluding Chinese from immigration.  This law was secured in 1882.  It was repealed or superseded by the 1965 revision of the immigration act which was promoted by the Semitic Jews.

     Americans concentrate only on what happens in this country but in fact once stirred up by the British the Chinese began to emigrate to all parts of the world as circumstance allowed.  Americans refuse to allow volition to any other people assuming the role of world directors is some sort of perversion of Manifest Destiny

End Of Part III.  Go to Part IV.

Exhuming Bob 5:  Texas Bob Dylan

by

R.E. Prindle

 

     While much is made of Bob’s Blues interests and his Folk career the truth is that Bob’s big musical influences were Country & Western.  He apparently embraced Robert Johnson after 1961 attempting to make him a major influence while giving himself Black roots and credentials that were then needed.  But when he talks of the pre-1959 period he invariably invokes the great C&W artists of the late forties and early fifties.

     Hence in this photo in what may be his last persona he has returned to his true C&W roots.  This is probably the Bob Bob has always wanted to be.  As you can see he has abandoned any Jewish identity in favor of a forties and fifties Western recording star.  Not so much the Hillbilly or Country aspect as that of the singing Cowboy.  Perhaps he is also recalling his early sixties adulation of Ramblin’ Jack Elliott.

     Here he emulates Slim Whitman- the mustache- Elton Britt,  Ernest Tubb the Texas Troubadour, Hank Williams or any number of artists before the Nudie Suit Of Lights came into fasion in the fifties.

      Note the attention he has taken to remolding his face in the attempt to eliminate Jewish characteristics.  The tight thin lips, the steely eyes.  A remarkable and successful effort at becoming what he has always, apparently, wanted to be.

The photo is taken from the Rolling Stone issue of May 3-17 2007 without permission.  If they object I’ll have to remove the post.scan.jpg

Exhuming Bob 4:

The Boulevard Of Broken Dreams

by

R.E. Prindle

…the confused, accused, misused, strung out ones and worse…

I got mixed up confusion

Man, it’s killing me.

Bob Dylan

 I walk the street of sorrow

The boulevard of broken dreams…

You laugh tonight and cry tomorrow

When you behold your shattered dreams…

Here is where you’ll always find me

Always walking up and down

But I left my soul behind me…

Harry Warren

 The Boulevard Of Broken Dreams

With each day of waiting

I love to pretend

One more tomorrow

And my waiting will end.

I’m waiting and watching

for ships that never come in,

I wonder where they can be.

after Jack Yellen

I’m Waiting For Ships That Never Come In

Everything’s Broken Down

Larry Hosford

 

     I received a couple comments on With One Hand Waving Free from R.M. that brought some thoughts I have into focus.  RM has a good understanding so I will incorporate some of her thoughts into this essay.

     First, let’s deal with ‘multi-culturalism.’  Multi-culturalism is merely twenty-first century racism.  If a separate cultural identity is being jealously maintained then this is done in oppostion to all other cultures; it is a form of exclusivity.  Yet such cultural exclusivity is considered a sin if not a crime in the West.  How to reconcile such an obvious contradiction?

     The first law of ‘culture’ is that two or more cultures cannot occupy the same territory at the same time.  Race and culture can be made synonymous for this purpose.  The less or least tolerant culture will eventually drive the more or most tolerant culture out.  This is a law.  Thus to be tolerant is a one way ticket to oblivion.

     In that sense tolerance will be made to seem to be intolerance.  Thus for the last few centuries until very recently England had been praised for its extreme tolerance.  Jews, Huguenots and whatever found a refuge there that delivered them from persecution.  That was when the immigrants were relatively few and the English culture dominant.  In the last few decades England has been all but swamped by Negroes, Moslems, Jews and whatever.  The Moslems although coming from different countries and races are culturally united through the intolerant Moslem religion.  Now that the immigrants are numerically strong enough to bully the ‘tolerant’ English the English are now described as intolerant monsters.  Quite a change in the perception of them even though the English themselves have not changed.  They do insist on the Common Law, their cultural norm, rather than adopting Moslem Sharia law as the Moslems insist.  The grossly intolerant Moslems then will subject the tolerance of the English and Moslemism will prevail in England.  Thus two cultures cannot coexist in the same space, one must eliminate the other.

     The Moslem method of subjection is the same today as it was in the year seven hundred when they subjugated a large part of the world.  The congeries of nations they thus created forced a temporary ‘tolerance’ on the Moslems.  They had to ‘tolerate’ other cultures to maintain order.  But they relentlessly forced intolerance in their dominions gradually imposing a culturally sterile Moslem uniformity on society that succeeded in quelling ‘diversity’ by the thirteenth century or so when a certain idiot maintains that ‘something went wrong.’  Nothing went wrong.  The Moslem religion finally achieved its goal.

     Now multi-culturalism is being forced on the West.  There is no multi-culturalism in the East.  China and Japan are as homogeneous as you can get and likely to remain so.  There is little change in South-East Asia and apart from the continuing Hindu-Moslem conflict in India, none there.  Africa is being occupied by the Chinese so that Africans in Africa will be all but eliminated.

     So, this is the nature of multi-culturalism; a form of racism by which the tolerant will be exterminated by the intolerant.  One may be view the process as a declared but non-shooting war.

     The intolerant are being aided by Western ‘Liberals’ who are deliberately and legally disarming the less tolerant Westerners in favor of the intolerant.  Liberals have actually passed laws making it a criminal offence for Westerners to defend or propagate their own culture or criticize anyone else’s.

     This process has gone much further in Europe and the British dominions including Canada.  The US is still protected by its Constitution but that is under attack.  Thus in the Multi-Cultural Wonderland dissent is still possible.  I do dissent.  And I will speak my mind.  I will not be tolerant of my own destruction or those of the West.

     As an All-American Boy I have grown up sharing in all these cultures as my own while not being a part of any of them.  I am as Jewish as a Jew, as Black as an African-American.  As Rebel as any Southener and as Puritan as any New Englander.  They are all my cultures.  I can mix and match any symbols and being a free American boy, America means freedom, I can say and do as I please.  I do and will.

     In point of fact I was excluded from all cultures by being in an orphanage.  I am probably closest to the Puritan heritage but neither it nor any other has any special meaning for me.  I am outside them all as an observer.  So, I’d appreciate it if you weren’t defensive about your own cultural hangups.  That’s the way it is friends: If you don’t like the reflection, don’t look in the mirror.  I am a camera.

     In her first comment RM gives a general discussion of the record business.  As it happens I was in the record business for fifteen years between 1967 and 1982.  I know something about records and musicians.  Musicians are at the bottom of the entertainment hierachy.  They have no, or little, status.  During the sixties and seventies they broke the bounds of the records labels and were able to dictate terms to the labels.  This was an anomaly and it didn’t last too long before the labels regained control.

     Musicians are generally considered offensive by movie and TV people.  They aren’t invited to many genteel parties.  To a very large extent this opinion is merited.  Witness all those stories about rock and rollers busting up hotels and being just generally rude and offensive.  Sad but true.  Just study those movies of Dylan and his entourage in London’s prestigious Savoy Hotel.  Bob should be embarrassed.

     Musicians are the ‘abused, confused, misused’ type of person Bob so unerringly identifies in his songs.  Bob was one too.  Consider his first rock song:  Mixed Up Confusion.  Relate it to The Chimes Of Freedom a couple years later.  I do not exclude myself from this group so don’t get hostile.

     The record industry above all others draws the type to it.  There is something about the direct mental connection between the sound on the disc, in the grooves, and the mind that allows the listener to incorporate the lyrics into his identity.  All the lyrics heading this essay are part and parcel of my mental makeup also.  Some of the type have talent and skills but most don’t.  Bob obviously was highly talented by no less psychotic for all that.

     For myself I owned and operated a medium sized record store chain from 1967 to 1982.  Until about 1979 I listened to everything issued.  I suppose I heard thousands of LPs at least once.  Some dozens of times.  I occasionally met various artists.  I was familiar with the record scene in LA and San Francisco.  I dealt with tens of thousand of customers.  I think I know the dreamy record type.

     Without exception they have a broken down psychology.  Consider songs like Broken down, second hand Rose, Here Comes The Rain, It’s Raining In My Heart, the talented but overlooked Larry Hosford’s Everything’s Broken Down.  In my experience with record store employees their attitude was:  If it ain’t broke, break it.  And they did.  I spent fifteen years dealing with broken people and I didn’t like it.

     Bob was broken, probably still is.  The part of his songs I identified with from 1964-66 was the broken down images of his ‘greatest’ work.  All those put down songs were answered in my soul as I walked up and down the street of broken dreams.  He spoke my own frustration and rage.  I thought at the time the vicious put downs of Positively Fourth Street was Dylan at his best and I still do but I can’t bear to sing along anymore.  The instrumentals he devised were pure genius.  In fact I would give him higher marks as a composer than I would as a lyricist.

     It scarcely needs pointing out but after Blonde On Blonde his pure rage was spent.  He had apparently put down everyone he wanted to put down.  His direction changed.

     So what I am interested in here is the cause of his breaking down and subsequent rage.  His biographers give scant clues when they assess his childhood.  For the present we are compelled to guess from various clues scattered throughout his lyrics directed at unknown people and his comments.

     In my estimation his put down songs are directed at people from Hibbing who he obviously feels put him down.  Bob projects that rejection onto his New York scene.

     One must rely on reports but it seems that everyone in New York was unusually supportive of this stranger from Minnesota.  People seem to have gone out of their way to be supportive.  They fed him didn’t they?  They offered their couches, they let him play their records, read their books.  In fact, they educated him to Bohemian standards.  Bob didn’t get there by himself.  Bob couldn’t have written those songs without that education that they gave him for free, from the goodness of their hearts.

     A complete greenhorn when he arrived, within the very short space of two years he was a star.  Nothing at 19, by 21 he was on his way.  Life wasn’t that good to me and yet Bob sees no reason to be thankful for his good fortune.  To my taste the music that gave him his start is detestable yet Robert Shelton, a very influential music critic for the NYTimes, the most influential newspaper in NYC and America, gave Bob a glittering review that his fellow folk singers wondered about at the time while being no less a source of wonder today.

     John Hammond at CBS, one of the three largest labels in the US, a very experienced judge of talent, apparently saw something in the caterwauling Dylan that I’m sure I wouldn’t have seen, signing Bob to a recording contract.  Any contract young Bob got would have been a wonderful contract even if he had worked gratis.  Once again as with Shelton, Hammond’s associates were set wondering.  Hammond’s Folly they called it.

     So what exactly did Bob have to complain of about his reception in NYC.  Nothing that I can see.  From what I gather from his biographers his hero Woody Guthrie even accepted him.  Why then all those bitter diatribes against his fellow folksingers in NYC?  Quite simply, Bob was projecting.  He’s not talking about the present, he’s talking about the past although he puts his lyrics in the present.  We have to go back to Hibbing.  He’d only been absent from Hibbing a little over a year when he hit the Big Apple so all his antecedents were very fresh in his memory.  If RM is correct it was exactly at this time that he wrote his song The Walls Of Red Wing.  The shock of his incarceration was searing his mind.

     In Hibbing we have two influential formative processes.  One, the interaction between Bob and his classmates and the other between Bob and his father.  The latter is especially important.  I am weak on being able to judge father-son relationships because I never had a father.  From I’ve seen of father-son relationships I have absoltutely no cause for regret.  I consider it a psychological trap I miraculously escaped.

     One thing is clear from the biographers, Bob did not run with the In Crowd of his high school class.  He obviously suffered rejection thus he visits rejection on everyone in his songs from ’64-’66.  All those songs are meant to show that he’s the one and they ain’t.  ‘Sooner Or Later One Of Us Must Know’,  ‘There’s something happening here and you don’t know what it is, do you?’  Sour grapes.  Even when they know they don’t care.  You’re still you and they’re still them and they’re still in control of the social structure.  You’re still on the outside and nothing’s changed except, of course, you’re famous.

     Those of us who learn, learn the hard way.  Unfortunately that is the only way.  If you don’t know let me tell you.  What’s done is done.

      As the Persian poet, Omar Khayam put it:

The Moving Finger writes; and having writ,

Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit

Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,

Nor all they Tears wash out a Word of it.

     Here’s the hard part- that’s just the way it is and the way it must stay.  If you can’t deal with that, too bad.  Bang your head against the wall until you die.  Who cares?  Hard and mean, but true.  What did they used to say?  You’ve got to be cruel to be kind?  It’s all over now, Baby Blue.  Don’t forget it; learn from it.  But don’t you grieve no more.  However it may go on raining in  your heart.

     One can’t know what happened to Bob but I suspect it happened early, probably before Junior High.  When his biographers discuss his childhood he is always in the company of outsiders.  So Bob became broken down at an early age.

     Probably in an effort to win his classmates approval he chose to become a rock and roll musician.  It worked so well when he was four performing Accentuate The Positive for his family why wouldn’t it work at sixteen with his classmates?  Well, it didn’t.  What he wanted to play they didn’t want to hear and what they might have wanted to hear he wouldn’t play.  It was his way or no way.  They booed him roundly but he didn’t care.  Strangely Bob recreated the exact same scenario on his world tour.  He was not only booed in the metropolis of Hibbing but he was booed around the world.  Didn’t care, but how many people can say that?  Very unusual personality.

     Undismayed back in Hibbing he was undismayed around the world.  I can understand his continued playing against the boos but that doesn’t mean it didn’t break his heart.  The miracle is Bob Zimmerman went on to become Bob Dylan.  You can listen to him turn into Bob Dylan on Another Side. Before that he’s Bob Zimmerman trying on the name Bob Dylan. 

     So, I think we can assign all those put down songs to his rejection back in Hibbing even though he’s singing Positively Fourth Street to his NYC coterie.

     Probably Bob thought that whatever form the initial reaction took to his rejection back in Hibbing was that he had been a victim of a form of theft.  Something valuable had been stolen from his personality, his self-respect.  This is completely understandable.  But as something was stolen from him, in vengeance he became the thief.  Thus, if Bob wants an answer to his question:  Why must I always be the thief: the compulsion can be found in whatever this childhood incident was.

     I suspect Bob began small pilfering from that age, whatever year it may have been.  As he was definitely sentenced to a Reformatory for a crime commited in the twelfth grade I have to believe he was caught stealing items of sufficient value for him to have been brought before a court where he was convicted and received a sentence.

     It seems unlikely that as a first offender he would have been given time in a reformatory therefore it seems likely that he must have been arrested a couple times before and let off with a warning.  That’s the way it was back then before they put you in jail for first offence jay-walking.

     That Bob was not averse to breaking into other’s property is made clear by Howard Sounes story of Echo Helstrom’s jimmying the lock of the Moose Lodge.  That Bob was not particularly careful is evident by the fact that having broken in Bob banged away at the piano and sang.  After making an unauthorized entry that would seem foolhardy.  Bob wasn’t just a kid either.  That occurred sometime in the eleventh grade.

     I suspect these earlier crimes were all thefts.  As he was not a good thief, seemingly always being caught, he must have wanted his thefts to be discovered much as he himself was aware that something of value had been stolen from him.  The last theft for which the judge thought he had no choice but to give Bob time must have been a good one, perhaps a burlary or store break-in.  The crime may have been committed weeks or a couple months before graduation so Bob was allowed to finish school before serving his sentence in the Summer of ’59.  Worst summer of Bob’s young life.  Worse than church camp.  This much is certain, he was in a reformatory for a couple months in the Summer of ’59.  The question is where, and how does Father Abraham fit in?

     Bob seems to have had a difficult relationship with his father.  When that began and whether it had anything to do with his Judaism is the question.  There most certainly is a conflict in Bob’s mind between his Gentile cultural identity growing up in Hibbing amongst Gentiles and his Jewish cultural identity imposed on him by his family and probably most especially by his father.  Thus in later life Bob would first become a born again Christian, then revert to Judaism, and a fundamental Judaism at that, then form a compr0mise between the two that he is evidently following today.  His autobiography, Chronicles Vol. I, wasn’t involved with religion that I remember.  I’ll have to read it again.

     As I read the biographies Bob was relatively ignorant of the tenets of Judaism as of his Bar Mitzvah at 13.  In a situation that I would consider extraordinary a Rabbi was flown in especially for him just prior to his Bar Mitzvah to indoctrinate him and then returned to wherever he came from shortly after.  I don’t know, seems like Abraham was really concerned that Bob understand his relationship to Judaism.  They would have had to pay the Rabbi.  It would be interesting to know Bob’s reaction to this event.

     For myself I was forced to attend church through Junior and Senior High which I deeply resented, even hated.  I can control myself if I am forced to enter a religious edifice today, that mainly because I am a real trooper who does his duty, but there wouldn’t be any need for anyone to push it too hard.  I could break out cursing.  Oddly I’ve been in everthing from Catholic Churches to Jewish synagogues over the years.  What did I ever do to anybody?

     Also in subsequent years Bob attended a religious summer camp called Camp Herzl.  Whether he was compelled to or not I don’t know but in my case I was compelled to attend those accursed church camps.  If there is anything in my religious background I care to take back it is those few weeks spent there.  Absolutely hated it.  It would be interesting to know how Bob enjoyed the experience.

     Now, Bob tells us that his father Abraham at one time told him that it was possible for a son to become so defiled himself that his father and mother would disown him.  Bob doesn’t tell us when or under what circumstances his father told him this.  Was it a sort of admonition Abe thought every father should tell his son at, say, ten, or possibly at his Bar Mitzvah, or was it something Abe told Bob just before the authorities took Bob away for his sojourn at the reformatory- possibly even, probably Red Wing?  Certainly his departure would have been as horrific an occasion for his father as it was for Bob.

     So here’s the crux of the father problem.  RM in her comment described Abraham a ‘passive-aggressive’ but clearly abusive father.  RM says that an old girlfriend said that Bob seemed quite afraid of his father but she didn’t know if he hit him or not.  RM seems to think Abe did but I’m not so sure but as we’ll see there is evidence that points to the fact that he may have.

     A statement like ‘I’m not so sure the truth will set you free’ may sound innocuous enough but who knows how many lectures lay behind it or how they pertained to it.  Enigmatic at best, what religious truth was Abraham trying to convey to young Bob?  Not so clear to me.  I’ve known some pretty nutty religious types in my time, just because Abraham was Jewish doesn’t mean he wasn’t a nutty religious type, and some of them were quite terrifying.  I mean, de Lawd gave them verbal instructions and they heard it.  A statement like a boy may become so defiled his parents would reject him is enough to set any boy shaking especially as Bob had already been rejected by his classmates.  If a kid isn’t secure in his parents estimation who is he secure with?  To me that statement was a terrific threat.

     Defiled? Defiled?  Bob might ask himself, I must be defiled but am I that defiled yet?  I mean, why tell me Dad?  I mean, do you want me to leave now?  Crap like that going on for seventeen years or so would make you afraid of any parent.  I could learn to hate a guy like that.

     Judging from appearances Bob’s subsequent life seems to have been to determine how defiled he could be before everyone would turn away from him.  What kind of test would it be?  Getting drunk at midday and collapsing in your own vomit in the middle of the Minnesota campus?  Was that enough?  No.  Bonnie Beecher didn’t deny him; she showed her love.  The question there is how it is Bob collapsed where Bonnie would likely be?  Coincidence?  Nah.  It wouldn’t taken too much to know her class assignments and be in the the appropriate place.  Maybe planned, maybe not.  We won’t know unless Bob tells us.

     Bob’s whole career from that point on seems to consist of tests to see how much others will endure before they disown him.  I mean, think about it.  What kind of character does it take to offend his fans with noise you know beyond doubt they don’t want to hear, to go on doing it when you know they are going to go on booing you unmercifully?  Bob did this around the world and was booed round the world.  Amazingly his fans didn’t desert him but continued to show up if for no other reason than to boo him.  Bob wasn’t too defiled for his fans, was he?  They continued to accept anything he did.

     Of course he lost a few of these contests.  Suze Rotolo for instance.  Bob was just too much for her mother and sister if not Suze herself.  Otherwise the boy forced the world to take him on his own terms.  Defilement was the issue between him and his dad.  Bob seems to have won that particular defilement issue too.

     Did he do time at Red Wing or not?  RM and I both think he did.  I agree with RM that the lyrics to Walls Of Redwing sound like authentic although very generalized experience.  The Minnesota DOC (Department Of Corrections) says on one of their websites that Bob Dylan was never incarcerated at Red Wing.  Maybe not.  But if Bob Dylan wasn’t how about Robert Zimmerman?  There is not doubt however that he was incarcerated somewhere.  Wherever that was records must exist.

     I believe that if one has the key all Bob’s lyrics ’64-66 will be found to be autobiographical.  Why should Bob be different than any other writer?  All writers are autobiographical.  What else can they be?  Thus in relation to Red Wing if RM doesn’t have the right slant the song has to relate to Bob’s life in some way, and some way that goes back to before he left Hibbing.  The title Highway 61 Revisited has to have that exact meaning.  Bob is revisiting Highway 61 whatever meaning the phrase has for him.  RM’s understanding of the following lyrics seems brilliant to me whether it turns out Bob did his time at Red Wing or not.  Remember it is certain that he did time somewhere, that is not the question.  If the song does not physically describe Red Wing then the ‘country club’ in Philadelphia must.

 Oh God said to Abraham, “Kill me a son”

Abe says, “Man you must be puttin’ me on.”

God say. “No.”  Abe say, “What?”

God say, “You can do what you want Abe, but  The next time you see me comin’ you better run.”

Well Abe says, “Where do you want this killin’ done?”

God says, “Out on Highway 61.”

     RM goes on:  Red Wing is DIRECTLY on Highway 61 separated only by a barbed wire fence.  Thus, Bob may have experienced his incarceration as a form of psychological death for which he held his father, Abe, responsible.  Highway 61 as I see it has no signficance otherwise.  The Civil Rights stuff going on in the South couldn’t possibly have figured largely in Bob’s imagination besides it had nothing to do with killing a son.

     Consider also these lines from Chimes of Freedom:

Condemned to drift or else be kept from drifting

Tolling for the searching ones, on their speechless, seeking track

For the lonesome hearted lovers with too personal a tale

An’ for each unharmful, gentle soul misplaced inside a jail

As we gazed upon the chimes of freedom flashing.

Starry eyed and laughing, as I recall, when we were caught…

     I think those lines can be related back to Highway 61 and the crime for which the ‘unharmful gentle soul’ Bob paid.  The last line would imply that he and Echo? were caught together.  That sounds like a burglary or break-in.

     Another word on possible influences for Highway 61.

     While both Folk and Pop music were important to the era, equally as important, possibly more so, were the Comedy records.  The late fifties and early sixties were the golden age of comedy LPs.  The three most important were Bob Newhart, The Smothers Brothers and Shelley Berman.  These three were huge.  Trailing behind them were Mort Sahl, Lenny Bruce, Lord Buckley, Allan Sherman, Jose Jimenez and a couple others.

     Newhart and the Smothers would have have had the most direct influence on Bob at this time.  Both artists did monologues or dialogues of an historical nature.  The Smothers Brothers were, of course, a comedy Folk act.  Overwhelming in their appeal.  We were all blown out of the saddle by these comedy records that seemed so nouveau and groundbreaking that they could easily be seen as the Chimes of Freedom flashing.  Thus the first verse of Highway 61 can be seen as a comedic takeoff on God, Abraham, and Isaac a la Newhart or the Smothers.

      After the first and obviously key verse that deals with the Son and father, Abe, Bob cobbles some historical verses together.  Mack the Finger (Knife) and Louie (XIV) the king.  Verse two deals with Jesse James:

He asked poor Howard where can I go

Howard said there’s only one place I know

Sam said tell me quick man I got to run

Ol’ Howard just pointed with his gun

And said that way down Highway 61.

     As we all know Bob Ford was the dirty little coward who shot Mr. Howard, the name Jesse James was living under at the time.  I think we can chalk Highway 61 up as an attempt to emulate the Smothers and Newhart along with Bob’s other needs.  Think about Desolation Row as a comedy routine.

     If one does want to really understand the early sixties it is essential to be familiar with Newhart, the Smothers and Shelley Berman.  Still good stuff too.

     Bob would have been released from the reformatory just in time to leave for U. Minnesota.  One can only imagine his state of mind as he left for Minnesota as the defiled son.  He began by testing everyone.  As a nobody there were few who would put up with his antics.  We can’t be sure how far he would go with his antics or exactly what he would have done.  If the scene with Bonnie Beecher is any indication he had pretty wide parameters to work within.  He claimed that in New York he hustled, that is sold his behind as a male prostitute.  Did he?  I don’t know but having consciously established himself as a liar or teller of tall tales he could tell any preposterous truth and not be taken seriously.  Thus he would be able to get such things off his chest while being disbelieved.  Hustling would probably be a form of defilement that would offend his father.  He told the journalist Al Aronowitz that he had done time in Red Wing.  Why would anyone tell stories that were reputation destroyers?

     Testing people is one thing, of course, but would a guy who puked all over himself and lay down in the middle of campus balk at hustling in NYC?  You tell me.

     Through ’66 Bob exhibited all the characteristics of the man walking up and down the boulevard of broken dreams.  Everything in his life was broken down.  He was apparently filthy and unkempt.  Many people refer to his complete lack of hygiene.  They use such emphatic terms as Bob must have been avoiding soap and water.  Hygiene, he didn’t have any.

     Except for the brief honeymoon period with Sara after his acident he always affected a bum or hobo like character.  He even called his recording studio, Rundown Studios.  The pain lived on in his heart as a steady downpour.  He made his environment reflect the shambles in his mind.  He had mixed up confusion and man it was killing him.  He built a multi-million dollar house and then made it look like a junkyard.

     He made one attempt to escape the Boulevard.  There is some question as to the seriousness of the motorcycle accident.  There seems to be evidence that he wasn’t seriously hurt if hurt at all.  I think that after Blonde On Blonde his initial torment was spent.  At best Grossman was working him so hard, setting up the next grueling tour that as Bob said if he had gone on it would have been the death of him so he opted out, took some much needed time off to recover.

     During the brief period of recuperation he seems to have calmed down somewhat. If the photos of Elliot Landy are accurate evidence,

http://www.landyvision.com he seems to have cleaned up his act trying to be the good country squire for Sara.  The photos look as though he were bathing and wearing clean clothes.  It couldn’t last.  His inner devastated compulsion urged him  on.  At some point he must have decided how much defilement Sara would take before he could drive her away.

     Lord, how he tried that woman’s soul.  Bob was shameless beyond belief.  She finally threw in the towel when she came to breakfast to find Bob eating with another woman. 

     In the divorce proceedings she claimed she was in fear of her physical well being, that Bob had offered her physical violence.  It is quite possible that after years of drug and alcohol abuse Bob’s decency was so lowered that he did offer her violence.  Perhaps he was then visiting the violence on her that RM thinks his father dealt him.  Perhaps he was only trying to see exactly how much defilement she would take before checking out.  Perhaps Bob merely wanted Sara to be as defiled as himself so that they would be equals.

     Bob cruelly shattered the poor woman’s life.  After standing by him through terrific emotional abuse Bob had the audacity to remonstrate ‘But people in my family just don’t get divorced.  Chutzpah on a stick.  Didn’t he even care what the effect on his children would be?  Hard to feel sorry for ya, Bob.

     Bob punished himself to the tune of many millions of dollars.  It must have hurt so good.  Balm for a wounded soul.  Not satisfied Bob had another brief marriage bestowing additional millions on that wife.  These sexual adventures compelled him to work non-stop to support his various establishments.  It isn’t cheap being Bob Dylan.  A life style was forced on him that required vast sums, perhaps millions a year to maintain.

     Thus Bob laughed tonight and cried tomorrow when he beheld his shattered dreams, but no matter how defiled Bob was he was holding his own in the war.  Everything was still broken down, rundown, second hand Rose but then for the psychological type, Only A Hobo, there’s a certain pleasure in that.

End.

 

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